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STEP is a spherical tokamak prototype power plant that is being designed to demonstrate net electric power. The design phase involves the exploitation of plasma models to optimise fusion performance subject to satisfying various physics and…
We demonstrate a novel detection method for the cyclotron resonance frequency of an electron plasma in a Penning-Malmberg trap. With this technique, the electron plasma is used as an in situ diagnostic tool for measurement of the static…
An open-source database of 457 experimental and numerical entries representing 32 machines$-$including tokamaks, stellarators, and linear plasma devices$-$is assembled. From this dataset, we derive multi-machine scaling laws that predict…
A novel X-ray diagnostic of laser-fusion plasmas is described, allowing 2D monochromatic images of hot, dense plasmas to be obtained in any X-ray photon energy range, over a large domain, on a single-shot basis. The device (named…
Numerical simulation of the complex plasma dynamics associated with high power, high frequency microwave breakdown at high pressures, leading to the formation of filamentary plasma structures such as self-organized plasma arrays, is a…
Recent advances in high-temperature-superconductor technology have made substantially higher toroidal magnetic fields technologically accessible, reopening the design space for compact, high-field tokamak reactors. Because reactor…
Reactor grade plasmas are likely to be fuelled by pellet injection. This technique transiently perturbs the profiles, driving the density profile hollow and flattening the edge temperature profile. After the pellet perturbation, the density…
Optical Emission Spectroscopy is a widely used technique for plasma diagnosis, with particular interest in hydrogen atomic emission due to its prevalence in plasmas. However, accurately determining plasma parameters like electron density,…
Understanding the statistics of fluctuation driven flows in the boundary layer of magnetically confined plasmas is desired to accurately model the lifetime of the vacuum vessel components. Mirror Langmuir probes (MLPs) are a novel…
An 18-level argon collisional radiative model (CRM) suitable for low pressure was established. The model can be solved by combining the optical emission spectroscopy (OES) with Langmuir probe calibration. In the capacitively coupled plasmas…
Complex industrial systems are continuously monitored by a large number of heterogeneous sensors. The diversity of their operating conditions and the possible fault types make it impossible to collect enough data for learning all the…
Plasma diagnostics in magnetic confinement fusion plasmas by using visible spectrum strongly depends on the knowledge of fundamental atomic properties. A detailed collisional-radiative model of W$^{26+}$ ions has been constructed by…
Pre-plasma conditions strongly influence laser-plasma interactions in the multi-petawatt (MPW) regime, increasing the need for reliable early-time plasma evolution diagnostics. Among available pre-plasma diagnostics, interferometry remains…
The dynamics of energetic particle (EP) species, born from fusion reactions or plasma heating schemes, are critical for predicting the behavior of magnetic confinement fusion experiments and future fusion reactors. Because energetic…
For proper planning, operation, control, and protection of the power system, the development of a suitable steady-state mathematical model of FACTS devices is a key issue. The Fast and Flexible Holomorphic Embedding (FFHE) method converges…
Active feedback control in magnetic confinement fusion devices is desirable to mitigate plasma instabilities and enable robust operation. Optical high-speed cameras provide a powerful, non-invasive diagnostic and can be suitable for these…
The proper classification of plasma regions in near-Earth space is crucial to perform unambiguous statistical studies of fundamental plasma processes such as shocks, magnetic reconnection, waves and turbulence, jets and their combinations.…
Optical emission spectroscopy from a small-volume, 5 uL, atmospheric pressure RF-driven helium plasma was used in conjunction with Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) for the detection of trace concentrations of methane…
The growing penetration of renewable and distributed generation is transforming power systems and challenging conventional protection schemes that rely on fixed settings and local measurements. Machine learning (ML) offers a data-driven…
High-density lithium plasmas are expected to be generated in the Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) reactor chamber due to energy deposition of the prompt X-rays and ion debris in the first wall. These dense plasmas are encountered in many…