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Effective training of large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) on resource-constrained client devices in Federated Learning (FL) requires the usage of parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) strategies. To this end, we demonstrate the impact of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Pramit Saha , Felix Wagner , Divyanshu Mishra , Can Peng , Anshul Thakur , David Clifton , Konstantinos Kamnitsas , J. Alison Noble

Since the release of GPT2-1.5B in 2019, the large language models (LLMs) have evolved from specialized deep models to versatile foundation models. While demonstrating remarkable zero-shot ability, the LLMs still require fine-tuning on local…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Yanjie Dong , Haijun Zhang , Chengming Li , Song Guo , Victor C. M. Leung , Xiping Hu

Despite the versatility of pre-trained language models (PLMs) across domains, their large memory footprints pose significant challenges in federated learning (FL), where the training model has to be distributed between a server and clients.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Yeachan Kim , Junho Kim , Wing-Lam Mok , Jun-Hyung Park , SangKeun Lee

Fine-tuning unlocks large language models (LLMs) for specialized applications, but its high computational cost often puts it out of reach for resource-constrained organizations. While cloud platforms could provide the needed resources, data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zihan Liu , Yizhen Wang , Rui Wang , Xiu Tang , Sai Wu

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across organizations without sharing raw data, addressing crucial privacy concerns in healthcare natural language processing (NLP). However, training large language models (LLMs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Lihong Zhang , Yue Li

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising technique for training language models on distributed and private datasets of diverse tasks. However, aggregating models trained on heterogeneous tasks often degrades the overall…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Gabriel U. Talasso , Meghdad Kurmanji , Allan M. de Souza , Nicholas D. Lane , Leandro A. Villas

Large Language Models (LLMs) are composed of neurons that exhibit various behaviors and roles, which become increasingly diversified as models scale. Recent studies have revealed that not all neurons are active across different datasets,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Haoyun Xu , Runzhe Zhan , Derek F. Wong , Lidia S. Chao

The adaptation of large language models (LLMs) to specialized reasoning tasks is fundamentally constrained by computational resources. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have emerged as a powerful solution, yet the landscape of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Brennen Hill

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) is widely used for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) for various tasks. Recently, there has been an increasing demand for fine-tuning a single LLM for multiple tasks because it requires overall…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Anjir Ahmed Chowdhury , Syed Zawad , Xiaolong Ma , Xu Dong , Feng Yan

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on downstream tasks requires substantial computational resources. Selective PEFT, a class of parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methodologies, aims to mitigate these computational challenges by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Aradhye Agarwal , Suhas K Ramesh , Ayan Sengupta , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Federated learning is an efficient framework designed to facilitate collaborative model training across multiple distributed devices while preserving user data privacy. A significant challenge of federated learning is data-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Shunxin Guo , Hongsong Wang , Shuxia Lin , Zhiqiang Kou , Xin Geng

Federated Learning (FL) has gained popularity for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) across multiple nodes, each with its own private data. While LoRA has been widely adopted for parameter efficient federated fine-tuning, recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Navyansh Mahla , Sunny Gupta , Amit Sethi

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), using algorithms like Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), aligns Large Language Models (LLMs) with human values but is costly and unstable. Alternatives have been proposed to replace PPO or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Liang Zhu , Feiteng Fang , Yuelin Bai , Longze Chen , Zhexiang Zhang , Minghuan Tan , Min Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming the landscape of mobile intelligence. Federated Learning (FL), a method to preserve user data privacy, is often employed in fine-tuning LLMs to downstream mobile tasks, an approach known as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Mengwei Xu , Dongqi Cai , Yaozong Wu , Xiang Li , Shangguang Wang

The entry of large language models (LLMs) into research and commercial spaces has led to a trend of ever-larger models, with initial promises of generalisability, followed by a widespread desire to downsize and create specialised models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Niall Taylor , Upamanyu Ghose , Omid Rohanian , Mohammadmahdi Nouriborji , Andrey Kormilitzin , David Clifton , Alejo Nevado-Holgado

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated transformative potential in reshaping the world. As these models are pretrained on general corpora, they often require domain-specific fine-tuning to optimize performance in specialized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Yidong Chai , Yang Liu , Yonghang Zhou , Jiaheng Xie , Daniel Dajun Zeng

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training without sharing raw data, making it attractive for privacy-sensitive domains, e.g., healthcare, finance, and IoT. A major obstacle, however, is the potential heterogeneity of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Abdelrhman Gaber , Muhammad ElMahdy , Youssif Abuzied , Hassan Abd-Eltawab , Tamer ElBatt

The recent success of large language models (LLMs) has been largely driven by vast public datasets. However, the next frontier for LLM development lies beyond public data. Much of the world's most valuable information is private, especially…

Federated learning (FL) enables distributed learning across edge devices while protecting data privacy. However, the learning accuracy decreases due to the heterogeneity of devices' data, and the computation and communication latency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Xiaonan Liu , Tharmalingam Ratnarajah , Mathini Sellathurai , Yonina C. Eldar

Open-source, multilingual medical large language models (LLMs) have the potential to serve linguistically diverse populations across different regions. Adapting generic LLMs for healthcare often requires continual pretraining, but this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Meng Zhou , Surajsinh Parmar , Anubhav Bhatti
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