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Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive promise in code generation, yet their progress remains limited by the shortage of large-scale datasets that are both diverse and well-aligned with human reasoning. Most existing resources…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Amal Abed , Ivan Lukic , Jörg K. H. Franke , Frank Hutter

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated great promise in generating code, especially when used inside an evolutionary computation framework to iteratively optimize the generated algorithms. However, in some cases they fail to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Niki van Stein , Anna V. Kononova , Lars Kotthoff , Thomas Bäck

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate functional source code from natural-language prompts, but often fail to consistently follow higher-level architectural structures or design patterns. Since LLMs are increasingly used in software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Viktor Kjellberg , Farnaz Fotrousi , Miroslaw Staron

Large Language Models (LLMs) have excelled at language understanding and generating human-level text. However, even with supervised training and human alignment, these LLMs are susceptible to adversarial attacks where malicious users can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Shachi H Kumar , Saurav Sahay , Sahisnu Mazumder , Eda Okur , Ramesh Manuvinakurike , Nicole Beckage , Hsuan Su , Hung-yi Lee , Lama Nachman

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on the design-to-code task, i.e., generating UI code from UI mock-ups. However, existing benchmarks only contain static web pages for evaluation and ignore…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jingyu Xiao , Yuxuan Wan , Yintong Huo , Zixin Wang , Xinyi Xu , Wenxuan Wang , Zhiyao Xu , Yuhang Wang , Michael R. Lyu

While Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in student-facing educational tools, their potential to directly support educators through locally deployable and customizable solutions remains underexplored. Many existing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Zarreen Reza , Alexander Mazur , Michael T. Dugdale , Robin Ray-Chaudhuri

The automated generation of design RTL based on large language model (LLM) and natural language instructions has demonstrated great potential in agile circuit design. However, the lack of datasets and benchmarks in the public domain…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Shang Liu , Yao Lu , Wenji Fang , Mengming Li , Zhiyao Xie

Large language models have emerged as a promising approach towards achieving general-purpose AI agents. The thriving open-source LLM community has greatly accelerated the development of agents that support human-machine dialogue interaction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Zhenfei Yin , Jiong Wang , Jianjian Cao , Zhelun Shi , Dingning Liu , Mukai Li , Lu Sheng , Lei Bai , Xiaoshui Huang , Zhiyong Wang , Jing Shao , Wanli Ouyang

Intelligent assistants powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate program and test code with high accuracy, boosting developers' and testers' productivity. However, there is a lack of studies exploring LLMs for testing Web APIs,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-09 André Pereira , Bruno Lima , João Pascoal Faria

The recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have stimulated interest among researchers and industry professionals, particularly in their application to tasks concerning mobile user interfaces (UIs). This position paper investigates…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Yuwen Lu , Ziang Tong , Qinyi Zhao , Chengzhi Zhang , Toby Jia-Jun Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly popular for generating RTL code. However, producing error-free RTL code in a zero-shot setting remains highly challenging for even state-of-the-art LLMs, often leading to issues that…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Mubashir ul Islam , Humza Sami , Pierre-Emmanuel Gaillardon , Valerio Tenace

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used as decision aids. However, users have diverse values and preferences that can affect their decision-making, which requires novel methods for LLM alignment and personalization.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Bharadwaj Ravichandran , David Joy , Paul Elliott , Brian Hu , Jadie Adams , Christopher Funk , Emily Veenhuis , Anthony Hoogs , Arslan Basharat

With the rapid development of large language models (LLMs), their applications have expanded into diverse fields, such as code assistance. However, the substantial size of LLMs makes their training highly resource- and time-intensive,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Weiheng Bai , Keyang Xuan , Pengxiang Huang , Qiushi Wu , Jianing Wen , Jingjing Wu , Kangjie Lu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) and other forms of Generative AI permeate various aspects of our lives, their application for learning and education has provided opportunities and challenges. This paper presents an investigation into the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Daniel Leiker , Sara Finnigan , Ashley Ricker Gyllen , Mutlu Cukurova

Large language models (LLMs) that are tuned with instructions have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various tasks and languages. However, their ability to generalize to underrepresented languages is limited due to the scarcity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Samuel Cahyawijaya , Holy Lovenia , Tiezheng Yu , Willy Chung , Pascale Fung

Large language models (LLMs) are transforming education by answering questions, explaining complex concepts, and generating content across a wide range of subjects. Despite strong performance on academic benchmarks, they often fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Numaan Naeem , Abdellah El Mekki , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed

Aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for enhancing their safety and utility. However, existing methods, primarily based on preference datasets, face challenges such as noisy labels, high annotation costs, and privacy concerns.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Hao Sun , Mihaela van der Schaar

State-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive code generation capabilities but struggle with real-world software engineering tasks, such as revising source code to address code reviews, hindering their practical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Hong Yi Lin , Chunhua Liu , Haoyu Gao , Patanamon Thongtanunam , Christoph Treude

Visual document retrieval aims to retrieve a set of document pages relevant to a query from visually rich collections. Existing methods often employ Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to encode queries and visual pages into a shared embedding…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Hao Yang , Yifan Ji , Zhipeng Xu , Zhenghao Liu , Yukun Yan , Zulong Chen , Shuo Wang , Yu Gu , Ge Yu

In the past few years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have exploded in usefulness and popularity for code generation tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with accuracy and are unsuitable for high-risk applications without additional oversight…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-29 William Murphy , Nikolaus Holzer , Feitong Qiao , Leyi Cui , Raven Rothkopf , Nathan Koenig , Mark Santolucito