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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant success in complex reasoning tasks such as math and coding. In contrast to these tasks where deductive reasoning predominates, inductive reasoning-the ability to derive general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Jia-Nan Li , Jian Guan , Wei Wu , Rui Yan

Many evaluations of large language models (LLMs) in text annotation focus primarily on the correctness of the output, typically comparing model-generated labels to human-annotated ``ground truth'' using standard performance metrics. In…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Jiaman He , Zikang Leng , Dana McKay , Damiano Spina , Johanne R. Trippas

In aligning large language models (LLMs), utilizing feedback from existing advanced AI rather than humans is an important method to scale supervisory signals. However, it is highly challenging for AI to understand human intentions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Rong Bao , Rui Zheng , Shihan Dou , Xiao Wang , Enyu Zhou , Bo Wang , Qi Zhang , Liang Ding , Dacheng Tao

We study how to fine-tune LLMs using user-edit deployment data consisting of a set of context, an agent's response, and user edits. This deployment data is naturally generated by users in applications such as LLMs-based writing assistants…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Dipendra Misra , Aldo Pacchiano , Ta-Chung Chi , Ge Gao

Preference alignment methods are increasingly critical for steering large language models (LLMs) to generate outputs consistent with human values. While recent approaches often rely on synthetic data generated by LLMs for scalability and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Mingye Zhu , Yi Liu , Zheren Fu , Yongdong Zhang , Zhendong Mao

Personalizing large language models (LLMs) is important for aligning outputs with diverse user preferences, yet existing methods struggle with flexibility and generalization. We propose CoPL (Collaborative Preference Learning), a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Youngbin Choi , Seunghyuk Cho , Minjong Lee , MoonJeong Park , Yesong Ko , Jungseul Ok , Dongwoo Kim

Current large language models (LLMs) generally show a significant performance gap in alignment between English and other languages. To bridge this gap, existing research typically leverages the model's responses in English as a reference to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Xue Zhang , Yunlong Liang , Fandong Meng , Songming Zhang , Yufeng Chen , Jinan Xu , Jie Zhou

Textual data annotation, the process of labeling or tagging text with relevant information, is typically costly, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their potential as direct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Yu-Min Tseng , Wei-Lin Chen , Chung-Chi Chen , Hsin-Hsi Chen

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly store user preferences in persistent memory to support personalization across interactions. However, in third-party communication settings governed by social and institutional norms, some user…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Sangyeon Yoon , Sunkyoung Kim , Hyesoo Hong , Wonje Jeung , Yongil Kim , Wooseok Seo , Heuiyeen Yeen , Albert No

We present ALT (ALignment with Textual feedback), an approach that aligns language models with user preferences expressed in text. We argue that text offers greater expressiveness, enabling users to provide richer feedback than simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Saüc Abadal Lloret , Shehzaad Dhuliawala , Keerthiram Murugesan , Mrinmaya Sachan

Using large language models (LLMs) to annotate relevance is an increasingly important technique in the information retrieval community. While some studies demonstrate that LLMs can achieve high user agreement with ground truth (human)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Watheq Mansour , J. Shane Culpepper , Joel Mackenzie , Andrew Yates

Large language model (LLM) alignment is typically achieved through learning from human preference comparisons, making the quality of preference data critical to its success. Existing studies often pre-process raw training datasets to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zizhuo Zhang , Qizhou Wang , Shanshan Ye , Jianing Zhu , Jiangchao Yao , Bo Han , Masashi Sugiyama

We present a method and dataset for fine-tuning language models with preference supervision using feedback-driven improvement chains. Given a model response, an annotator provides fine-grained feedback by marking ``liked'' and ``disliked''…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Sky CH-Wang , Justin Svegliato , Helen Appel , Jason Eisner

This research examines the use of Reinforcement Learning from AI Feedback (RLAIF) techniques to improve healthcare dialogue models, with the aim of tackling the challenges of preference-aligned data annotation while reducing the reliance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Chengfeng Dou , Ying Zhang , Zhi Jin , Wenpin Jiao , Haiyan Zhao , Yongqiang Zhao , Zhengwei Tao

While astonishingly capable, large Language Models (LLM) can sometimes produce outputs that deviate from human expectations. Such deviations necessitate an alignment phase to prevent disseminating untruthful, toxic, or biased information.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Long Tan Le , Han Shu , Tung-Anh Nguyen , Choong Seon Hong , Nguyen H. Tran

To assist users in complex tasks, LLMs generate plans: step-by-step instructions towards a goal. While alignment methods aim to ensure LLM plans are helpful, they train (RLHF) or evaluate (ChatbotArena) on what users prefer, assuming this…

This paper presents a case study on deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) as an advanced "annotation" mechanism to achieve nuanced content understanding (e.g., discerning content "vibe") at scale within a large-scale industrial short-form…

In the context of text classification, the financial burden of annotation exercises for creating training data is a critical issue. Active learning techniques, particularly those rooted in uncertainty sampling, offer a cost-effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Hamidreza Rouzegar , Masoud Makrehchi

Language models (LMs) are pretrained to imitate internet text, including content that would violate human preferences if generated by an LM: falsehoods, offensive comments, personally identifiable information, low-quality or buggy code, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Tomasz Korbak , Kejian Shi , Angelica Chen , Rasika Bhalerao , Christopher L. Buckley , Jason Phang , Samuel R. Bowman , Ethan Perez

The reasoning and generalization capabilities of LLMs can help us better understand user preferences and item characteristics, offering exciting prospects to enhance recommendation systems. Though effective while user-item interactions are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Jianling Wang , Haokai Lu , James Caverlee , Ed Chi , Minmin Chen