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Existing vision-language understanding benchmarks largely consist of images of objects in their usual contexts. As a consequence, recent multimodal large language models can perform well with only a shallow visual understanding by relying…

The rapid advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has enabled browsing agents to acquire and reason over multimodal information in the real world. But existing benchmarks suffer from two limitations: insufficient evaluation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Zhengbo Zhang , Jinbo Su , Zhaowen Zhou , Changtao Miao , Yuhan Hong , Qimeng Wu , Yumeng Liu , Feier Wu , Yihe Tian , Yuhao Liang , Zitong Shan , Wanke Xia , Yi-Fan Zhang , Bo Zhang , Zhe Li , Shiming Xiang , Ying Yan

We propose a Vision-Language Simulation Model (VLSM) that unifies visual and textual understanding to synthesize executable FlexScript from layout sketches and natural-language prompts, enabling cross-modal reasoning for industrial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-14 YuChe Hsu , AnJui Wang , TsaiChing Ni , YuanFu Yang

Recent progress in generative video models, such as Veo-3, has shown surprising zero-shot reasoning abilities, creating a growing need for systematic and reliable evaluation. We introduce V-ReasonBench, a benchmark designed to assess video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Yang Luo , Xuanlei Zhao , Baijiong Lin , Lingting Zhu , Liyao Tang , Yuqi Liu , Ying-Cong Chen , Shengju Qian , Xin Wang , Yang You

Reward models play an essential role in training vision-language models (VLMs) by assessing output quality to enable aligning with human preferences. Despite their importance, the research community lacks comprehensive open benchmarks for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Michihiro Yasunaga , Luke Zettlemoyer , Marjan Ghazvininejad

Answer verification is crucial not only for evaluating large language models (LLMs) by matching their unstructured outputs against standard answers, but also serves as the reward model to guide LLM optimization. Most evaluation frameworks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Shudong Liu , Hongwei Liu , Junnan Liu , Linchen Xiao , Songyang Gao , Chengqi Lyu , Yuzhe Gu , Wenwei Zhang , Derek F. Wong , Songyang Zhang , Kai Chen

Beneath the stunning visual fidelity of modern AIGC models lies a "logical desert", where systems fail tasks that require physical, causal, or complex spatial reasoning. Current evaluations largely rely on superficial metrics or fragmented…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Haonan Han , Jiancheng Huang , Xiaopeng Sun , Junyan He , Rui Yang , Jie Hu , Xiaojiang Peng , Lin Ma , Xiaoming Wei , Xiu Li

Although large visual-language models (LVLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in multimodal tasks, errors may occasionally arise due to biases during the reasoning process. Recently, reward models (RMs) have become increasingly pivotal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Jiacheng Ruan , Wenzhen Yuan , Xian Gao , Ye Guo , Daoxin Zhang , Zhe Xu , Yao Hu , Ting Liu , Yuzhuo Fu

We introduce UEval, a benchmark to evaluate unified models, i.e., models capable of generating both images and text. UEval comprises 1,000 expert-curated questions that require both images and text in the model output, sourced from 8…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Bo Li , Yida Yin , Wenhao Chai , Xingyu Fu , Zhuang Liu

Large Vision Language Models (VLMs) effectively bridge the modality gap through extensive pretraining, acquiring sophisticated visual representations aligned with language. However, it remains underexplored whether these representations,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Jiahao Guo , Sinan Du , Jingfeng Yao , Wenyu Liu , Bo Li , Haoxiang Cao , Kun Gai , Chun Yuan , Kai Wu , Xinggang Wang

Verifiers can improve language model capabilities by scoring and ranking responses from generated candidates. Currently, high-quality verifiers are either unscalable (e.g., humans) or limited in utility (e.g., tools like Lean). While LM…

World Generation Models are emerging as a cornerstone of next-generation multimodal intelligence systems. Unlike traditional 2D visual generation, World Models aim to construct realistic, dynamic, and physically consistent 3D/4D worlds from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yiting Lu , Wei Luo , Peiyan Tu , Haoran Li , Hanxin Zhu , Zihao Yu , Xingrui Wang , Xinyi Chen , Xinge Peng , Xin Li , Zhibo Chen

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities but often struggle with complex, multi-step mathematical reasoning, where minor errors in visual perception or logical deduction can lead to complete failure.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Jianghangfan Zhang , Yibo Yan , Kening Zheng , Xin Zou , Song Dai , Xuming Hu

Recent large vision-language models (VLMs) remain fundamentally constrained by a persistent dichotomy: understanding and generation are treated as distinct problems, leading to fragmented architectures, cascaded pipelines, and misaligned…

Can Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) develop an intuitive number sense similar to humans? Targeting this problem, we introduce Visual Number Benchmark (VisNumBench) to evaluate the number sense abilities of MLLMs across a wide range…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Tengjin Weng , Jingyi Wang , Wenhao Jiang , Zhong Ming

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for image understanding tasks, yet their practical deployment remains hindered by significant architectural heterogeneity across model families. This paper introduces UVLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Joan Perez , Giovanni Fusco

Understanding videos inherently requires reasoning over both visual and auditory information. To properly evaluate Omni-Large Language Models (Omni-LLMs), which are capable of processing multi-modal information including vision and audio,…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Jianghan Chao , Jianzhang Gao , Wenhui Tan , Yuchong Sun , Ruihua Song , Liyun Ru

Reasoning is a fundamental capability for solving complex multi-step problems, particularly in visual contexts where sequential step-wise understanding is essential. Existing approaches lack a comprehensive framework for evaluating visual…

Detecting DeepFakes has become a crucial research area as the widespread use of AI image generators enables the effortless creation of face-manipulated and fully synthetic content, while existing methods are often limited to binary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Rohit Kundu , Shan Jia , Vishal Mohanty , Athula Balachandran , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury

Visual transformation reasoning (VTR) is a vital cognitive capability that empowers intelligent agents to understand dynamic scenes, model causal relationships, and predict future states, and thereby guiding actions and laying the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Yuheng Ji , Yipu Wang , Yuyang Liu , Xiaoshuai Hao , Yue Liu , Yuting Zhao , Huaihai Lyu , Xiaolong Zheng