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Large Language Models (LLMs) rely on various decoding strategies to generate text, and these choices can significantly affect output quality. In healthcare, where accuracy is critical, the impact of decoding strategies remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Oriana Presacan , Alireza Nik , Vajira Thambawita , Bogdan Ionescu , Michael Riegler

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has created an urgent need to distinguish between human-written and LLM-generated text to ensure authenticity and societal trust. Existing detectors typically provide a binary classification for an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Mengchu Li , Jin Zhu , Jinglai Li , Chengchun Shi

The ability to reliably distinguish human-written text from that generated by large language models is of profound societal importance. The dominant approach to this problem exploits the likelihood hypothesis: that machine-generated text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Tom Kempton , Viktor Drobnyi , Maeve Madigan , Stuart Burrell

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into software engineering workflows, yet current benchmarks provide only coarse performance summaries that obscure the diverse capabilities and limitations of these models. This paper…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Felix Mächtle , Jan-Niclas Serr , Nils Loose , Thomas Eisenbarth

Large language models (LLMs) are often equipped with multi-sample decoding strategies. An LLM implicitly defines an arithmetic code book, facilitating efficient and embarrassingly parallelizable \textbf{arithmetic sampling} to produce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Aditya Parashar , Aditya Vikram Singh , Avinash Amballa , Jinlin Lai , Benjamin Rozonoyer

Machine-translated text plays an important role in modern life by smoothing communication from various communities using different languages. However, unnatural translation may lead to misunderstanding, a detector is thus needed to avoid…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-25 Hoang-Quoc Nguyen-Son , Tran Phuong Thao , Seira Hidano , Shinsaku Kiyomoto

Modern language models operate on subword-tokenized text in order to make a trade-off between model size, inference speed, and vocabulary coverage. A side effect of this is that, during inference, models are evaluated by measuring the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 David Pohl , Marco Cognetta , Junyoung Lee , Naoaki Okazaki

Detecting texts generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) could cause grave mistakes due to incorrect decisions, such as undermining students' academic dignity. LLM text detection thus needs to ensure the interpretability of the decision,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Ryuto Koike , Masahiro Kaneko , Ayana Niwa , Preslav Nakov , Naoaki Okazaki

Automatic evaluation of text generation is essential for improving the accuracy of generation tasks. In light of the current trend towards increasingly larger decoder-based language models, we investigate automatic evaluation methods based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Tomohito Kasahara , Daisuke Kawahara

An ideal detection system for machine generated content is supposed to work well on any generator as many more advanced LLMs come into existence day by day. Existing systems often struggle with accurately identifying AI-generated content…

To be included into chatbot systems, Large language models (LLMs) must be aligned with human conversational conventions. However, being trained mainly on web-scraped data gives existing LLMs a voice closer to informational text than actual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Shaz Furniturewala , Kokil Jaidka , Yashvardhan Sharma

Large language models (LLMs) have opened up enormous opportunities while simultaneously posing ethical dilemmas. One of the major concerns is their ability to create text that closely mimics human writing, which can lead to potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Zhen Guo , Shangdi Yu

The large language models (LLMs) are able to generate high-quality texts in multiple languages. Such texts are often not recognizable by humans as generated, and therefore present a potential of LLMs for misuse (e.g., plagiarism, spams,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Dominik Macko

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly sophisticated, they raise significant security concerns, including the creation of fake news and academic misuse. Most detectors for identifying model-generated text are limited by their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Zhenyu Xu , Victor S. Sheng

The rampant proliferation of large language models, fluent enough to generate text indistinguishable from human-written language, gives unprecedented importance to the detection of machine-generated text. This work is motivated by an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Xiao Pu , Jingyu Zhang , Xiaochuang Han , Yulia Tsvetkov , Tianxing He

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized the domain of natural language processing (NLP) with remarkable capabilities of generating human-like text responses. However, despite these advancements, several works in the existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Soumya Suvra Ghosal , Souradip Chakraborty , Jonas Geiping , Furong Huang , Dinesh Manocha , Amrit Singh Bedi

The powerful ability to understand, follow, and generate complex language emerging from large language models (LLMs) makes LLM-generated text flood many areas of our daily lives at an incredible speed and is widely accepted by humans. As…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Junchao Wu , Shu Yang , Runzhe Zhan , Yulin Yuan , Derek F. Wong , Lidia S. Chao

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized the field of text generation, producing outputs that closely mimic human-like writing. Although academic and industrial institutions have developed detectors to prevent the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Tianchun Wang , Yuanzhou Chen , Zichuan Liu , Zhanwen Chen , Haifeng Chen , Xiang Zhang , Wei Cheng

Sampling is a common strategy for generating text from probabilistic models, yet standard ancestral sampling often results in text that is incoherent or ungrammatical. To alleviate this issue, various modifications to a model's sampling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Clara Meister , Tiago Pimentel , Luca Malagutti , Ethan G. Wilcox , Ryan Cotterell

As large language models (LLMs) become more advanced, it is increasingly difficult to distinguish between human-written and AI-generated text. This paper draws a conceptual parallel between quantum uncertainty and the limits of authorship…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Aadil Gani Ganie