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The emergence of large language models has catalyzed two distinct yet interconnected paradigms in artificial intelligence: standalone AI Agents and collaborative Agentic AI ecosystems. This comprehensive study establishes a definitive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Prashik Buddhaghosh Bansod

Fully autonomous teams of LLM-powered AI agents are emerging that collaborate to perform complex tasks for users. What challenges do developers face when trying to build and debug these AI agent teams? In formative interviews with five AI…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Will Epperson , Gagan Bansal , Victor Dibia , Adam Fourney , Jack Gerrits , Erkang Zhu , Saleema Amershi

We present OpenRL, an advanced reinforcement learning (RL) framework designed to accommodate a diverse array of tasks, from single-agent challenges to complex multi-agent systems. OpenRL's robust support for self-play training empowers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Shiyu Huang , Wentse Chen , Yiwen Sun , Fuqing Bie , Wei-Wei Tu

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) permeates many aspects of society, it brings numerous advantages while at the same time raising ethical concerns and potential risks, such as perpetuating inequalities through biased or discriminatory…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Muneera Bano , Didar Zowghi , Vincenzo Gervasi , Rifat Shams

Training trustworthy agentic LLMs requires data that shows the grounded reasoning process, not just the final answer. Existing datasets fall short: question-answering data is outcome-only, chain-of-thought data is not tied to specific…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Saber Zerhoudi , Michael Granitzer , Jelena Mitrovic

Recent advances in reasoning language models and reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards have significantly enhanced multi-step reasoning capabilities. This progress motivates the extension of reasoning paradigms to remote sensing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Shuchang Lyu , Haiquan Wen , Guangliang Cheng , Meng Li , Zheng Zhou , You Zhou , Dingding Yao , Zhenwei Shi

Large language models are transitioning from generalpurpose knowledge engines to realworld problem solvers, yet optimizing them for deep search tasks remains challenging. The central bottleneck lies in the extreme sparsity of highquality…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zheng Chu , Xiao Wang , Jack Hong , Huiming Fan , Yuqi Huang , Yue Yang , Guohai Xu , Chenxiao Zhao , Cheng Xiang , Shengchao Hu , Dongdong Kuang , Ming Liu , Bing Qin , Xing Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced artificial intelligence by enabling human-like text generation and natural language understanding. However, their reliance on static training data limits their ability to respond to dynamic,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Aditi Singh , Abul Ehtesham , Saket Kumar , Tala Talaei Khoei , Athanasios V. Vasilakos

The rapid growth of scientific literature imposes significant challenges for researchers endeavoring to stay updated with the latest advancements in their fields and delve into new areas. We introduce OpenResearcher, an innovative platform…

Therapeutic decision-making in clinical medicine constitutes a high-stakes domain in which AI guidance interacts with complex interactions among patient characteristics, disease processes, and pharmacological agents. Tasks such as drug…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Tim Cofala , Christian Kalfar , Jingge Xiao , Johanna Schrader , Michelle Tang , Wolfgang Nejdl

Large language model-based agents are rapidly evolving from simple conversational assistants into autonomous systems capable of performing complex, professional-level tasks in various domains. While these advancements promise significant…

As autonomous coding agents become deeply embedded in software development workflows, their high operational velocity introduces a critical oversight challenge: the accumulating divergence between agentic actions and architectural intent.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Matteo Casserini , Alessandro Facchini , Andrea Ferrario

Recent surges in LLM-driven intelligent systems largely overlook decades of foundational multi-agent systems (MAS) research, resulting in frameworks with critical limitations such as centralization and inadequate trust and communication…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Michael J. Wooldridge , Attila Bagoly , Jonathan J. Ward , Emanuele La Malfa , Gabriel Paludo Licks

Current synthetic data pipelines for computer vision generate images without diagnosing what the downstream model actually needs. This open-loop paradigm treats synthetic data as cheap real data, randomly sampling the generator's output…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Krisanu Sarkar

Agentic systems augment large language models with external tools and iterative decision making, enabling complex tasks such as deep research, function calling, and coding. However, their long and intricate execution traces make failure…

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) like o3 and DeepSeek-R1 have achieved remarkable progress in reasoning tasks with long cot. However, they remain computationally inefficient and struggle with accuracy when solving problems requiring complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Haipeng Luo , Huawen Feng , Qingfeng Sun , Can Xu , Kai Zheng , Yufei Wang , Tao Yang , Han Hu , Yansong Tang

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has become a powerful tool for complex decision-making in machine learning and AI. However, traditional methods often assume perfect action execution, overlooking the uncertainties and deviations between an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Oren Fivel , Matan Rudman , Kobi Cohen

Artificial intelligence systems for scientific discovery have demonstrated remarkable potential, yet existing approaches remain largely proprietary and operate in batch-processing modes requiring hours per research cycle, precluding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Lukas Weidener , Marko Brkić , Mihailo Jovanović , Ritvik Singh , Chiara Baccin , Emre Ulgac , Alex Dobrin , Aakaash Meduri

RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) systems and web agents are increasingly evaluated on multi-hop deep search tasks, yet current practice suffers from two major limitations. First, most benchmarks leak the reasoning path in the question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Maojia Song , Renhang Liu , Xinyu Wang , Yong Jiang , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang , Jingren Zhou , Dorien Herremans , Soujanya Poria

Data science plays a critical role in transforming complex data into actionable insights across numerous domains. Recent developments in large language models (LLMs) and artificial intelligence (AI) agents have significantly automated data…

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