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High-brightness femtosecond-to-attosecond pulses are indispensable for probing electron dynamics on their fundamental temporal scales. X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) at high repetition rates will facilitate high-statistics measurements…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Junhao Liu , Zhen Wang , Lanpeng Ni , Yujie Lu , Chao Feng , Zhentang Zhao

We theoretically investigate correlated electron dynamics in high-harmonic generation (HHG), using all-electron \emph{ab initio} simulations for three-dimensional real alkali-metal atoms. The resulting harmonic spectra exhibit a plateau…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2019-04-10 Yang Li , Takeshi Sato , Kenichi L. Ishikawa

High-harmonic generation (HHG) is a coherent optical process in which the incident photon energy is up-converted to the multiples of its initial energy. In solids, under the influence of a strong laser field, electron-hole (e-h) pairs are…

We study a self-seeded high-gain harmonic generation (HGHG) free-electron laser (FEL) scheme to extend the wavelength of a soft X-ray FEL. This scheme uses a regular self-seeding monochromator to generate a seed laser at the wavelength of…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2016-05-25 Ling Zeng , Weilun Qin , Gang Zhao , Senlin Huang , Yuantao Ding , Zhirong Huang , Gabriel Marcus , Kexin Liu

We present a study of the possibility to significantly enhance the efficiency of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) using few-cycle optical waveforms obtained by superposing two laser pulses of different color delayed optimally relative…

Optics · Physics 2024-12-11 O. V. Meshkov , M. Yu. Emelin , M. Yu. Ryabikin

In this paper, we present the analytical theory of attosecond pulse formation via optical modulation of an active medium of the hydrogen-like C5+ plasma-based X-ray laser at 3.4 nm wavelength in the "water window" range, taking into account…

Optics · Physics 2021-01-04 V. A. Antonov , I. R. Khairulin , Olga Kocharovskaya

An analytic description of high harmonic generation (HHG) in solids induced by intense low-frequency pulses is presented within an adiabatic approach, which treats laser-matter interactions nonperturbatively. We derive the analytical…

Optics · Physics 2026-01-01 A. V. Flegel , Liang-Wen Pi , M. V. Frolov

The generation and control of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation by high harmonic generation (HHG) have advanced ultrafast science, providing direct insights into electron dynamics on their natural time scale. Attosecond science has…

High harmonic generation (HHG) is a nonlinear process that enables table-top generation of tunable, high-energy, coherent, ultrashort radiation pulses in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) to soft X-ray range. These pulses find applications in…

The field of attosecond physics has expanded significantly in recent years, yet experimental facilities supporting attosecond pump attosecond probe spectroscopy remain rare. Here, we present a newly constructed beamline for the generation…

High harmonic generation (HHG) is an extreme nonlinear frequency up-conversion process during which extremely short duration optical pulses at very short wavelengths are emitted. A major concern of HHG is the small conversion efficiency at…

Free-electron lasers (FELs) generate the brightest coherent X-ray pulses available, enabling atomic-resolution and femtosecond-timescale studies across physics, chemistry, and biology. Realising their full potential at extreme peak powers…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Çağrı Erciyes , Christoph H. Keitel , Matteo Tamburini

High harmonic generation (HHG) is an extremely nonlinear effect, where a medium is driven by a strong laser field, generating coherent broadband radiation with photon energies ranging up to the X-ray and pulse durations reaching attosecond…

Optics · Physics 2020-10-20 Alexey Gorlach , Ofer Neufeld , Nicholas Rivera , Oren Cohen , Ido Kaminer

We study high-order harmonic generation (HHG) resulting from the illumination of plasmonic nanostructures with a short laser pulse. We show that both the inhomogeneities of the local electric field and the confinement of the electron motion…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2012-04-27 M. F. Ciappina , Srdjan S. Acimovic , T. Shaaran , J. Biegert , R. Quidant , M. Lewenstein

The observation of non-perturbative harmonic emission in solids from ultrashort laser pulses [1] sparked a wave of studies [2,3] as a probe of charge carrier dynamics in solids under strong fields and a route to extreme ultraviolet (XUV)…

We present experimental results showing the appearance of a near-continuum in the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) spectra of atomic and molecular species as the driving laser intensity of an infrared pulse increases. Detailed…

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) are powerful tools to explore and study nature for achieving remarkable advances. Generally, seeded FELs are ideal sources for supplying full coherent soft x-ray pulses. Benefiting from the high-frequency…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2022-07-20 Hanxiang Yang , Jiawei Yan , Zihan Zhu , Haixiao Deng

High-repetition-rate, fully coherent extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) are essential for advanced time-resolved ultrafast spectroscopies. While external seeding serves as the standard technique to achieve…

The generation of high power coherent soft X-ray pulses of sub-100 as duration and 10 nm wavelength using beams from a GeV energy plasma wakefield accelerator has been recently investigated in Ref. [arXiv:2011.07163]. As a future upgrade to…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2024-01-17 Rafi Hessami , Jenny Morgan , River Robles , Kirk A. Larsen , Agostino Marinelli , Claudio Emma

In the past two decades high-harmonic generation (HHG) has become a key process in ultra-fast science due to the extremely short time-structure of the underlying electron dynamics being imprinted in the emitted harmonic light bursts. After…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2012-01-25 Markus C. Kohler , Thomas Pfeifer , Karen Z. Hatsagortsyan , Christoph H. Keitel