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Full waveform inversion (FWI) is beginning to be used to characterize weak seismic events at different scales, an example of which is microseismic event (MSE) characterization. However, FWI with unknown sources is a severely underdetermined…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-17 Hossein S. Aghamiry , Ali Gholami , Stéphane Operto , Alison Malcolm

Imaging with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will allow for observing the bulk of distant galaxies at the epoch of reionisation. The recovery of their properties, such as age, color excess E(B-V), specific star formation rate (sSFR)…

In this lecture, we describe a number of advanced gain calibration techniques. In particular, self-calibration is an important tool in interferometric imaging at all wavelengths. It allows the observer to determine and remove residual phase…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-15 Crystal L. Brogan , Todd R. Hunter , Ed B. Fomalont

The spectral resolution ($R \equiv \lambda / \Delta \lambda$) of spectroscopic data is crucial information for accurate kinematic measurements. In this letter, we present a robust measurement of the spectral resolution of the JWST's Near…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-22 Anowar J. Shajib , Tommaso Treu , Alejandra Melo , Guido Roberts-Borsani , Shawn Knabel , Michele Cappellari , Joshua A. Frieman

In astronomy and microscopy, distortions in the wavefront affect the dynamic range of a high contrast imaging system. These aberrations are either imposed by a turbulent medium such as the atmosphere, by static or thermal aberrations in the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Benjamin Pope , Nick Cvetojevic , Anthony Cheetham , Frantz Martinache , Barnaby Norris , Peter Tuthill

Sparse aperture masking (SAM) interferometry combined with Adaptive Optics (AO) is a technique that is uniquely suited to investigate structures near the diffraction limit of large telescopes. The strengths of the technique are a robust…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 J. Sanchez-Bermudez , R. Schoedel , A. Alberdi , J. U. Pott

With a scheduled launch in October 2018, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is expected to revolutionise the field of atmospheric characterization of exoplanets. The broad wavelength coverage and high sensitivity of its instruments will…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-21 M. Rocchetto , I. P. Waldmann , O. Venot , P. -O. Lagage , G. Tinetti

The current status of the high spatial resolution imaging interferometry in optical astronomy is reviewed in the light of theoretical explanation, as well as of experimental constraints that exist in the present day technology. The basic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. K. Saha

Using kilometric arrays of air Cherenkov telescopes, intensity interferometry may increase the spatial resolution in optical astronomy by an order of magnitude, enabling images of rapidly rotating stars with structures in their…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Dainis Dravins , Stephan LeBohec , Hannes Jensen , Paul D. Nuñez

We present near- and mid-infrared (IR) broadband imaging observations of the edge-on protoplanetary disk around HH 30 with the James Webb Space Telescope/Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) and the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI). We combine these…

JWST provides a unique dataset to study reionization's earliest stages, promising insights into the first galaxies. Many JWST/NIRSpec prism spectra reveal smooth Lyman-alpha breaks in z>5 galaxies, implying damping wing scattering by…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-14 Charlotte A. Mason , Zuyi Chen , Daniel P. Stark , Ting-Yi Lu , Michael Topping , Mengtao Tang

We have used the Mid-InfraRed Instrument (MIRI) on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to obtain the first spatially resolved, mid-infrared (mid-IR) images of IIZw096, a merging luminous infrared galaxy (LIRG) at $z = 0.036$. Previous…

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is revolutionizing our view of the Universe through unprecedented sensitivity and resolution in the infrared, with some of the largest gains realized at its longest wavelengths. We present the…

We present an imaging technique that allows the recovery of the transparency profile of wavelength-scale objects with deep subwavelength resolution based on far-field intensity measurements. The approach, interscale mixing microscopy (IMM),…

Optics · Physics 2017-03-21 Sandeep Inampudi , Nicholas Kuhta , Viktor A. Podolskiy

With the advent of infrared long-baseline interferometers with more than two telescopes, both the size and the completeness of interferometric data sets have significantly increased, allowing images based on models with no a priori…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Stéphanie Renard , Eric Thiébaut , Fabien Malbet

The future large adaptive telescopes will trigger new constraints for the calibration of Adaptive Optics (AO) systems equipped with pre-focal Deformable Mirrors (DM). The image of the DM actuators grid as seen by the Wave-Front Sensor (WFS)…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-26 C. T. Heritier , T. Fusco , S. Oberti , B. Neichel , S. Esposito , P. -Y. Madec

Adaptive optics enables the deployment of interferometer-based spectroscopy without the need for moving parts necessary for scanning the interferometer arms. Here, we employ a Michelson Interferometer in conjunction with a Spatial Light…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-05 Jesneil Lauren Lewis , Ayan Banerjee

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is expected to revolutionize our understanding of Jovian worlds over the coming decade. However, as we push towards characterizing cooler, smaller, "terrestrial-like" planets, dedicated next-generation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-04 Luke Tremblay , Michael R Line , Kevin B Stevenson , Tiffany Kataria , Robert T Zellem , Jonathan J Fortney , Caroline V Morley