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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language processing; however, they often struggle to accurately capture and reflect cultural nuances. This research addresses this challenge by focusing on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Lama Ayash , Hassan Alhuzali , Ashwag Alasmari , Sultan Aloufi

Natural Language Understanding (NLU) is a basic task in Natural Language Processing (NLP). The evaluation of NLU capabilities has become a trending research topic that attracts researchers in the last few years, resulting in the development…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Khloud AL Jallad , Nada Ghneim , Ghaida Rebdawi

Lemmatization is crucial for NLP tasks in morphologically rich languages with ambiguous orthography like Arabic, but existing tools face challenges due to inconsistent standards and limited genre coverage. This paper introduces two novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Mostafa Saeed , Nizar Habash

The rapid proliferation of benchmarks for evaluating large language models (LLMs) has created an urgent need for systematic methods to assess benchmark quality itself. We propose Benchmark^2, a comprehensive framework comprising three…

This paper addresses critical gaps in Arabic language model evaluation by establishing comprehensive theoretical guidelines and introducing a novel evaluation framework. We first analyze existing Arabic evaluation datasets, identifying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Serry Sibaee , Omer Nacar , Adel Ammar , Yasser Al-Habashi , Abdulrahman Al-Batati , Wadii Boulila

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit superior performance on various natural language tasks, but they are susceptible to issues stemming from outdated data and domain-specific limitations. In order to address these challenges, researchers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Zhangyin Feng , Weitao Ma , Weijiang Yu , Lei Huang , Haotian Wang , Qianglong Chen , Weihua Peng , Xiaocheng Feng , Bing Qin , Ting liu

This work is an attempt to introduce a comprehensive benchmark for Arabic speech recognition, specifically tailored to address the challenges of telephone conversations in Arabic language. Arabic, characterized by its rich dialectal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Qusai Abo Obaidah , Muhy Eddin Za'ter , Adnan Jaljuli , Ali Mahboub , Asma Hakouz , Bashar Al-Rfooh , Yazan Estaitia

With advancements in large audio-language models (LALMs), which enhance large language models (LLMs) with auditory capabilities, these models are expected to demonstrate universal proficiency across various auditory tasks. While numerous…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Chih-Kai Yang , Neo S. Ho , Hung-yi Lee

This paper proposes a novel approach to an automatic estimation of three speaker traits from Arabic speech: gender, emotion, and dialect. After showing promising results on different text classification tasks, the multi-task learning (MTL)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Wael Farhan , Muhy Eddin Za'ter , Qusai Abu Obaidah , Hisham al Bataineh , Zyad Sober , Hussein T. Al-Natsheh

Question generation for education assessments is a growing field within artificial intelligence applied to education. These question-generation tools have significant importance in the educational technology domain, such as intelligent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Mohammad Tami , Huthaifa I. Ashqar , Mohammed Elhenawy

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable progress in reasoning abilities and general natural language processing (NLP) tasks, yet their performance on Arabic data, characterized by rich morphology, diverse dialects, and complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Ahmed Hasanaath , Aisha Alansari , Ahmed Ashraf , Chafik Salmane , Hamzah Luqman , Saad Ezzini

From pre-trained language model (PLM) to large language model (LLM), the field of natural language processing (NLP) has witnessed steep performance gains and wide practical uses. The evaluation of a research field guides its direction of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Ziyu Zhuang , Qiguang Chen , Longxuan Ma , Mingda Li , Yi Han , Yushan Qian , Haopeng Bai , Zixian Feng , Weinan Zhang , Ting Liu

Recent advancements in instruction fine-tuning, alignment methods such as reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), and optimization techniques like direct preference optimization (DPO) have significantly enhanced the adaptability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Samar M. Magdy , Sang Yun Kwon , Fakhraddin Alwajih , Safaa Abdelfadil , Shady Shehata , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed

The development and evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has primarily focused on their task-solving capabilities, with recent models even surpassing human performance in some areas. However, this focus often neglects whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Yanzhu Guo , Guokan Shang , Chloé Clavel

Question semantic similarity is a challenging and active research problem that is very useful in many NLP applications, such as detecting duplicate questions in community question answering platforms such as Quora. Arabic is considered to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-23 Hesham Al-Bataineh , Wael Farhan , Ahmad Mustafa , Haitham Seelawi , Hussein T. Al-Natsheh

Word embeddings are a core component of modern natural language processing systems, making the ability to thoroughly evaluate them a vital task. We describe DiaLex, a benchmark for intrinsic evaluation of dialectal Arabic word embedding.…

Arabic dialect identification is a specific task of natural language processing, aiming to automatically predict the Arabic dialect of a given text. Arabic dialect identification is the first step in various natural language processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Maha J. Althobaiti

Despite representing nearly one-third of the world's languages, African languages remain critically underserved by modern NLP technologies, with 88\% classified as severely underrepresented or completely ignored in computational…

Recent strides in Large Language Models (LLMs) have saturated many Natural Language Processing (NLP) benchmarks, emphasizing the need for more challenging ones to properly assess LLM capabilities. However, domain-specific and multilingual…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive results in multiple domains of natural language processing (NLP) but are mainly focused on the English language. Recently, more LLMs have incorporated a larger proportion of multilingual…