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Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently gained attention due to their ability to understand and generate sophisticated human-like content. However, ensuring their safety is paramount as they might provide harmful and unsafe responses.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Miriam Ugarte , Pablo Valle , José Antonio Parejo , Sergio Segura , Aitor Arrieta

Large Language Models (LLMs) are computational models capable of performing complex natural language processing tasks. Leveraging these capabilities, LLMs hold the potential to transform the entire hardware design stack, with predictions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Mubashir ul Islam , Humza Sami , Pierre-Emmanuel Gaillardon , Valerio Tenace

Conventional mechanical design follows an iterative process in which initial concepts are refined through cycles of expert assessment and resource-intensive Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis to meet performance goals. While machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Yayati Jadhav , Amir Barati Farimani

While modern dialogue systems heavily rely on large language models (LLMs), their implementation often goes beyond pure LLM interaction. Developers integrate multiple LLMs, external tools, and databases. Therefore, assessment of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Roman Mayr , Michel Schimpf , Thomas Bohné

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have been applied to a broad range of applications, including natural language processing, drug discovery, and video recognition. Their vulnerability to input perturbation is also known. Aligning with a view…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Wei Huang , Youcheng Sun , Xingyu Zhao , James Sharp , Wenjie Ruan , Jie Meng , Xiaowei Huang

The increasing penetration of distributed energy resources into active distribution networks (ADNs) has made effective ADN dispatch imperative. However, the numerous newly-integrated ADN operators, such as distribution system aggregators,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Xu Yang , Chenhui Lin , Yue Yang , Qi Wang , Haotian Liu , Haizhou Hua , Wenchuan Wu

Recent advances in decision-making policies have led to significant progress in fields such as autonomous driving and robotics. However, testing these policies remains crucial with the existence of critical scenarios that may threaten their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Weichao Xu , Huaxin Pei , Jingxuan Yang , Yuchen Shi , Yi Zhang , Qianchuan Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly becoming ubiquitous both as stand-alone tools and as components of current and future software systems. To enable usage of LLMs in the high-stake or safety-critical systems of 2030, they need to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Sinclair Hudson , Sophia Jit , Boyue Caroline Hu , Marsha Chechik

Identifying logical errors in complex, incomplete or even contradictory and overall heterogeneous data like students' experimentation protocols is challenging. Recognizing the limitations of current evaluation methods, we investigate the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Arne Bewersdorff , Kathrin Seßler , Armin Baur , Enkelejda Kasneci , Claudia Nerdel

Growing renewable penetration introduces substantial uncertainty into power system operations, necessitating frequent adaptation of dispatch objectives and constraints and challenging expertise-intensive, near-real-time modeling workflows.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-25 Chao Shen , Zihan Guo , Xu Wan , Zhenghao Yang , Yifan Zhang , Wengi Huang , Jie Song , Zongyan Zhang , Mingyang Sun

Understanding how and why large language models (LLMs) fail is becoming a central challenge as models rapidly evolve and static evaluations fall behind. While automated probing has been enabled by dynamic test generation, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Yue Huang , Zhengzhe Jiang , Yuchen Ma , Yu Jiang , Xiangqi Wang , Yujun Zhou , Yuexing Hao , Kehan Guo , Pin-Yu Chen , Stefan Feuerriegel , Xiangliang Zhang

There is a rapidly growing interest in using Large Language Models (LLMs) to automate complex network operations, but their reliable adoption requires rigorous assessment of their effectiveness and safety. Existing benchmarks do not address…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Ioannis Protogeros , Rufat Asadli , Benjamin Hoffman , Laurent Vanbever

We present an autonomous framework that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) to automate end-to-end business analysis and market report generation. At its core, the system employs specialized agents - Researcher, Reviewer, Writer, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Roman Koshkin , Pengyu Dai , Nozomi Fujikawa , Masahito Togami , Marco Visentini-Scarzanella

Malicious examples are crucial for evaluating the robustness of machine learning algorithms under attack, particularly in Industrial Control Systems (ICS). However, collecting normal and attack data in ICS environments is challenging due to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Chuadhry Mujeeb Ahmed

The dependence of Natural Language Processing (NLP) intelligent software on Large Language Models (LLMs) is increasingly prominent, underscoring the necessity for robustness testing. Current testing methods focus solely on the robustness of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Mingxuan Xiao , Yan Xiao , Hai Dong , Shunhui Ji , Pengcheng Zhang

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into software engineering has driven a transition from traditional rule-based systems to autonomous agentic systems capable of solving complex problems. However, systematic progress is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jiale Guo , Suizhi Huang , Mei Li , Dong Huang , Xingsheng Chen , Regina Zhang , Zhijiang Guo , Han Yu , Siu-Ming Yiu , Pietro Lio , Kwok-Yan Lam

Large Language Model (LLM) agents increasingly act through external tools, making their safety contingent on tool-call workflows rather than text generation alone. While recent benchmarks evaluate agents across diverse environments and risk…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Xuan Chen , Lu Yan , Ruqi Zhang , Xiangyu Zhang

The advent of Large Language Models LLMs marks a milestone in Artificial Intelligence, altering how machines comprehend and generate human language. However, LLMs are vulnerable to malicious prompt injection attacks, where crafted inputs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Sahasra Kokkula , Somanathan R , Nandavardhan R , Aashishkumar , G Divya

Traditional approaches to test case generation often involve manual effort and incur significant computational overhead. Additionally, these approaches are not scalable, and hence, unsuitable for complex software systems. Recently, Large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Kushal Jasti , Tejamani Prashanth Sahu , Rishitha Pentyala , Muvvala Mohit , Vivek Yelleti

Interactive theorem provers such as Coq are powerful tools to formally guarantee the correctness of software. However, using these tools requires significant manual effort and expertise. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Minghai Lu , Benjamin Delaware , Tianyi Zhang