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Most vision-language models (VLMs) apply a large language model (LLM) as the decoder, where the response tokens are generated sequentially through autoregression. Therefore, the number of output tokens can be the bottleneck of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Sixun Dong , Juhua Hu , Steven Li , Wei Wen , Qi Qian

Recent research has explored the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for tackling complex graph reasoning tasks. However, due to the intricacies of graph structures and the inherent limitations of LLMs in handling long text, current…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yuwei Hu , Runlin Lei , Xinyi Huang , Zhewei Wei , Yongchao Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly explored for legal argument generation, yet they pose significant risks of manipulation through hallucination and ungrounded persuasion, and often fail to utilize provided factual bases…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Li Zhang , Kevin D. Ashley

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great ability in solving traditional natural language tasks and elementary reasoning tasks with appropriate prompting techniques. However, their ability is still limited in solving complicated science…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Pei Chen , Boran Han , Shuai Zhang

Recently, the field of Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) has gained popularity as researchers are trying to develop artificial intelligence capable of efficient collective reasoning. Agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) perform well in…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Adam Kostka , Jarosław A. Chudziak

The reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have improved substantially through increased test-time computation, typically in the form of intermediate tokens known as chain-of-thought (CoT). However, CoT often becomes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Nathanaël Carraz Rakotonirina , Ren Pang , Neha Anna John , Michael Bohlke-Schneider , Momchil Hardalov

Recent studies show that the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) can be improved by applying Reinforcement Learning (RL) to question-answering (QA) tasks in areas such as math and coding. With a long context length, LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Stephen Chung , Wenyu Du , Jie Fu

Large reasoning models (LRMs) achieve higher performance on challenging reasoning tasks by generating more tokens at inference time, but this verbosity often wastes computation on easy problems. Existing solutions, including supervised…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Violet Xiang , Chase Blagden , Rafael Rafailov , Nathan Lile , Sang Truong , Chelsea Finn , Nick Haber

Large language models (LLMs) excel in natural language generation but often confidently produce incorrect responses, especially in tasks like mathematical reasoning. Chain-of-thought prompting, self-verification, and multi-agent debate are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Mahmood Hegazy

While Long Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning significantly improves Large Language Models (LLMs) performance on complex reasoning tasks, the substantial computational and memory costs of generating long CoT sequences limit their efficiency…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Liang Zhang , Yu Zhao , Longyue Wang , Tianqi Shi , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Jinsong Su

Evolutionary agentic systems intensify the trade-off between computational efficiency and reasoning capability by repeatedly invoking large language models (LLMs) during inference. This setting raises a central question: how can an agent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Pretam Ray , Pratik Prabhanjan Brahma , Zicheng Liu , Emad Barsoum

While Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents can be used to create highly engaging interactive applications through prompting personality traits and contextual data, effectively assessing their personalities has proven challenging. This…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Eswari Jayakumar , Niladri Sekhar Dash , Debasmita Mukherjee

Humans intuitively solve complex problems by flexibly shifting among reasoning modes: they plan, execute, revise intermediate goals, resolve ambiguity through associative judgment, and apply formal procedures to well-specified subproblems.…

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have propelled research in natural language interfaces to databases. However, most state-of-the-art text-to-SQL systems still depend on complex, multi-stage pipelines. This work proposes a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Fernando Granado , Roberto Lotufo , Jayr Pereira

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a popular interface for human-AI interaction, supporting information seeking and task assistance through natural, multi-turn dialogue. To respond to users within multi-turn dialogues, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Fengran Mo , Yifan Gao , Sha Li , Hansi Zeng , Xin Liu , Zhaoxuan Tan , Xian Li , Jianshu Chen , Dakuo Wang , Meng Jiang

Large language models (LLMs) often struggle with complex reasoning tasks due to their limitations in addressing the vast reasoning space and inherent ambiguities of natural language. We propose the Mixture-of-Search-Agents (MoSA) paradigm,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Sen Yang , Yafu Li , Wai Lam , Yu Cheng

Multi-agent systems (MAS) powered by large language models (LLMs) hold significant promise for solving complex decision-making tasks. However, the core process of collaborative decision-making (CDM) within these systems remains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Xuyang Zhao , Shiwan Zhao , Hualong Yu , Liting Zhang , Qicheng Li

Recent progress in language modeling has largely relied on scaling model size, yet larger models do not reliably improve performance on tasks requiring multi-step reasoning and tool use. Multi-agent collaboration offers a potential…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Agata Żywot , Xinyi Chen , Yifei Yuan , Anders Søgaard , Maarten de Rijke

Multi-agent systems with smaller language models (SLMs) present a viable alternative to single agent systems powered by large language models (LLMs) for addressing complex problems. In this work, we study how these alternatives compare in…

Recent months have seen the emergence of a powerful new trend in which large language models (LLMs) are augmented to become autonomous language agents capable of performing objective oriented multi-step tasks on their own, rather than…