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Large Language Models have revolutionized natural language processing, achieving unprecedented success across a vast range of tasks. However, their practical application in long-context scenarios is severely hampered by the formidable…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Enwei Tong , Yao Zhu , Yuanchao Bai , Kai Wang , Xianming Liu , Xiangyang Ji

The CLIP model has established itself as a cornerstone of large-scale retrieval systems. However, its performance often degrades under distributional shifts such as multilingual, long-form, or multimodal queries. To avoid the prohibitive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zhaohua Zhang , Jianhuan Zhuo , Muxi Chen , Chenchen Zhao , Wenyu Jiang , Tianwen Jiang , Mingyang Chen , Yutang , Qiuyong Xiao , Jihong Zhang , Zhixun Su

We study nonconvex zeroth-order optimization (ZOO) in a high-dimensional space $\mathbb R^d$ for functions with approximately $s$-sparse gradients. To reduce the dependence on the dimensionality $d$ in the query complexity, high-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Ruizhong Qiu , Hanghang Tong

Planning is essential for artificial intelligence systems to look ahead and proactively determine a course of actions to reach objectives in the virtual and real world. Recent work on large language models (LLMs) sheds light on their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Xinran Zhao , Hanie Sedghi , Bernd Bohnet , Dale Schuurmans , Azade Nova

Large-scale distributed graph-parallel computing is challenging. On one hand, due to the irregular computation pattern and lack of locality, it is hard to express parallelism efficiently. On the other hand, due to the scale-free nature,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2013-10-22 Jie Yan , Guangming Tan , Ninghui Sun

Coarse Grained Reconfigurable Arrays (CGRAs) present both high flexibility and efficiency, making them well-suited for the acceleration of intensive workloads. Nevertheless, a key barrier towards their widespread adoption is posed by CGRA…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yuxuan Wang , Cristian Tirelli , Giovanni Ansaloni , Laura Pozzi , David Atienza

Cross-entropy (CE) is the default training loss for supervised classification, but its sample efficiency is limited when labels are scarce. Existing remedies primarily act on the data side, via augmentation, synthesis, or transfer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Qipeng Zhan , Zhuoping Zhou , Li Shen

Modern tensor compilers such as TorchInductor deliver substantial speedups on mainstream models, yet face a systematic performance ceiling on long-tail workloads -- our profiling shows that 43% of real-world subgraphs experience end-to-end…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yiqun Liu , Yingsheng Wu , Ruqi Yang , Enrong Zheng , Honglei Qiu , Sijun He , Tai Liang , Jingjing Wu , Yuhan Zhou , Yiwei Zhang , Dongyan Chen , Weihan Yi , Xinqi Li , Siqi Bao

Generative models have recently demonstrated strong potential in multi-behavior recommendation systems, leveraging the expressive power of transformers and tokenization to generate personalized item sequences. However, their adoption is…

Compiler optimization decisions are often based on hand-crafted heuristics centered around a few established benchmark suites. Alternatively, they can be learned from feature and performance data produced during compilation. However,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Raphael Mosaner , David Leopoldseder , Wolfgang Kisling , Lukas Stadler , Hanspeter Mössenböck

Existing large language model (LLM)-based embeddings typically adopt an encoder-only paradigm, treating LLMs as static feature extractors and overlooking their core generative strengths. We introduce GIRCSE (Generative Iterative Refinement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Yu-Che Tsai , Kuan-Yu Chen , Yuan-Chi Li , Yuan-Hao Chen , Ching-Yu Tsai , Shou-De Lin

Aligned large language models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional capabilities in task-solving, following instructions, and ensuring safety. However, the continual learning aspect of these aligned LLMs has been largely overlooked. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Xiao Wang , Yuansen Zhang , Tianze Chen , Songyang Gao , Senjie Jin , Xianjun Yang , Zhiheng Xi , Rui Zheng , Yicheng Zou , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in real-world applications. The capability of in-context learning (ICL) allows us to adapt an LLM to downstream tasks by including input-label exemplars in the prompt without…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Zhaoxuan Wu , Xiaoqiang Lin , Zhongxiang Dai , Wenyang Hu , Yao Shu , See-Kiong Ng , Patrick Jaillet , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) effectively adapts pre-trained transformers to downstream tasks. However, the optimization of tasks performance often comes at the cost of generalizability in fine-tuned models. To address this issue,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yao Ni , Shan Zhang , Piotr Koniusz

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR), particularly GRPO, has become the standard for eliciting LLM reasoning. However, its efficiency in exploration and difficulty adaptation remains an open challenge. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Zhiqi Yu , Zhangquan Chen , Mengting Liu , Heye Zhang , Liangqiong Qu

Clustering is a popular data mining technique that aims to partition an input space into multiple homogeneous regions. There exist several clustering algorithms in the literature. The performance of a clustering algorithm depends on its…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Sudip Poddar , Anirban Mukhopadhyay

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at code generation but remain heavily reliant on large-scale annotated solutions and verification-based supervision, which constrains scalability and hinders sustained self-improvement. Recent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yixu Huang , Xinglei Yu , Zhongyu Wei

High-quality supervised fine-tuning (SFT) data are crucial for eliciting strong capabilities from pretrained large language models (LLMs). Typically, instructions are paired with multiple responses sampled from other LLMs, which are often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Dylan Zhang , Qirun Dai , Hao Peng

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve strong performance across diverse tasks, but their effectiveness often depends on the quality of the provided context. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enriches prompts with external information, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Oussama Gabouj , Kamel Charaf , Ivan Zakazov , Nicolas Baldwin , Robert West

Deployed language models decay over time due to shifting inputs, changing user needs, or emergent world-knowledge gaps. When such problems are identified, we want to make targeted edits while avoiding expensive retraining. However, current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Thomas Hartvigsen , Swami Sankaranarayanan , Hamid Palangi , Yoon Kim , Marzyeh Ghassemi