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Despite the enormous theoretical and experimental progress made so far in quantum key distribution (QKD), the security of most existing QKD implementations is not rigorously established yet. A critical obstacle is that almost all existing…

We introduce a constructive method to calculate the achievable secret key rate for a generic class of quantum key distribution protocols, when only a finite number n of signals is given. Our approach is applicable to all scenarios in which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Tim Meyer , Hermann Kampermann , Matthias Kleinmann , Dagmar Bruss

Modern communication strives towards provably secure systems which can be widely deployed. Quantum key distribution provides a methodology to verify the integrity and security of a key exchange based on physical laws. However, physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-01 Henry Semenenko , Philip Sibson , Andy Hart , Mark G. Thompson , John G. Rarity , Chris Erven

Quantum key distribution establishes a secret string of bits between two distant parties. Of concern in weak laser pulse schemes is the especially strong photon number splitting attack by an eavesdropper, but the decoy state method can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jim W. Harrington , J. Mark Ettinger , Richard J. Hughes , Jane E. Nordholt

In theory, quantum key distribution (QKD) offers unconditional security based on the laws of physics. However, as demonstrated in recent quantum hacking theory and experimental papers, detection efficiency loophole can be fatal to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-06 Chi-Hang Fred Fung , Kiyoshi Tamaki , Bing Qi , Hoi-Kwong Lo , Xiongfeng Ma

A semi-quantum key distribution (SQKD) protocol allows a quantum user and a limited "classical" user to establish a shared secret key secure against an all-powerful adversary. In this work, we present a new SQKD protocol where the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-17 Walter O. Krawec , Eric P. Geiss

Noise causes severe difficulties in implementing quantum computing and quantum cryptography. Several schemes have been suggested to reduce this problem, mainly focusing on quantum computation. Motivated by quantum cryptography, we suggest a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 T. Mor

We investigate the optimization of epsilon-security parameters in quantum key distribution (QKD), aiming to improve the achievable secure key rate under a fixed overall composable security level. For this purpose, we employ a continuous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Alexander G. Mountogiannakis , Stefano Pirandola

Variations of phase-matching measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (PM-MDI QKD) protocols have been investigated before, but it was recently discovered that this type of protocol (under the name of twin-field QKD) can beat…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-30 Jie Lin , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Quantum key distribution (QKD) theoretically provides unconditional security between remote parties. However, guaranteeing practical security through device characterisation alone is challenging in real-world implementations due to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Hao Dong , Cong Jiang , Di Ma , Chi Zhang , Jia Huang , Hao Li , Li-Xing You , Yang Liu , Xiang-Bin Wang , Qiang Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

We provide an analysis of a new family of device independent quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols with several novel features: (a) The bits used for the secret key do not come from the results of the measurements on an entangled state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-09 Ramij Rahaman , Matthew G. Parker , Piotr Mironowicz , Marcin Pawłowski

In this work, we present a reliable, efficient, and tight numerical method for calculating key rates for finite-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols. We illustrate our approach by finding higher key rates than those…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-30 Adam Winick , Norbert Lütkenhaus , Patrick J. Coles

Semi-quantum cryptography involves at least one user who is semi-quantum or "classical" in nature. Such a user can only interact with the quantum channel in a very restricted way. Many semi-quantum key distribution protocols have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-01 Julia Guskind , Walter O. Krawec

The goal of this paper is to extend the framework of finite size analysis recently developed for quantum key distribution to continuous-variable protocols. We do not solve this problem completely here, and we mainly consider the finite size…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-29 Anthony Leverrier , Frédéric Grosshans , Philippe Grangier

We propose a schematic setup of quantum key distribution (QKD) with an improved secret key rate based on high-dimensional quantum states. Two degrees-of-freedom of a single photon, orbital angular momentum modes, and multi-path modes, are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-29 Yonggi Jo , Hee Su Park , Seung-Woo Lee , Wonmin Son

The security of quantum key distribution (QKD) has been proven for different protocols, in particular for the BB84 protocol. It has been shown that this scheme is robust against eventual imperfections in the state preparation, and sending…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-05 Davide Rusca , Alberto Boaron , Marcos Curty , Anthony Martin , Hugo Zbinden

We investigate the main limitations which prevent the continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocols from achieving long distances in the finite-size setting. We propose a double-modulation protocol which allows using each state for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-22 László Ruppert , Vladyslav C. Usenko , Radim Filip

Owing to its fundamental principles, quantum theory holds the promise to enhance the security of modern cryptography, from message encryption to anonymous communication, digital signatures, online banking, leader election, one-time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-22 Mathieu Bozzio , Claude Crépeau , Petros Wallden , Philip Walther

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution removes all detector-side attacks in quantum cryptography, and in the meantime doubles the secure distance. The source side, however, is still vulnerable to various attacks. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-23 Zhu Cao

The work by Christandl, K\"onig and Renner [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 020504 (2009)] provides in particular the possibility of studying unconditional security in the finite-key regime for all discrete-variable protocols. We spell out this bound…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-02-02 Lana Sheridan , Thinh Phuc Le , Valerio Scarani
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