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The temporal and spatial resolution of rainfall data is crucial for environmental modeling studies in which its variability in space and time is considered as a primary factor. Rainfall products from different remote sensing instruments…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Muhammed Sit , Bong-Chul Seo , Ibrahim Demir

Water managers in the western United States (U.S.) rely on longterm forecasts of temperature and precipitation to prepare for droughts and other wet weather extremes. To improve the accuracy of these longterm forecasts, the U.S. Bureau of…

Applications · Statistics 2019-05-23 Jessica Hwang , Paulo Orenstein , Judah Cohen , Karl Pfeiffer , Lester Mackey

With the goal of predicting the future rainfall intensity in a local region over a relatively short period time, precipitation nowcasting has been a long-time scientific challenge with great social and economic impact. The radar echo…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Bi-Ying Yan , Chao Yang , Feng Chen , Kohei Takeda , Changjun Wang

Deep learning-based, data-driven models are gaining prevalence in climate research, particularly for global weather prediction. However, training the global weather data at high resolution requires massive computational resources.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Minjong Cheon , Yo-Hwan Choi , Seon-Yu Kang , Yumi Choi , Jeong-Gil Lee , Daehyun Kang

Precipitation forecasting is an important scientific challenge that has wide-reaching impacts on society. Historically, this challenge has been tackled using numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, grounded on physics-based simulations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Taehyeon Kim , Namgyu Ho , Donggyu Kim , Se-Young Yun

The heavy-tailed nature of precipitation intensity impedes precise precipitation nowcasting. Standard models that optimize pixel-wise losses are prone to regression-to-the-mean bias, which blurs extreme values. Existing Fourier-based…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Baitian Liu , Haiping Zhang , Huiling Yuan , Dongjing Wang , Ying Li , Feng Chen , Hao Wu

Accurate rainfall forecasting is critical because it has a great impact on people's social and economic activities. Recent trends on various literatures show that Deep Learning (Neural Network) is a promising methodology to tackle many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Seongchan Kim , Seungkyun Hong , Minsu Joh , Sa-kwang Song

Extreme precipitation events, such as violent rainfall and hail storms, routinely ravage economies and livelihoods around the developing world. Climate change further aggravates this issue. Data-driven deep learning approaches could widen…

Deep learning offers promising capabilities for the statistical downscaling of climate and weather forecasts, with generative approaches showing particular success in capturing fine-scale precipitation patterns. However, most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Paula Harder , Christian Lessig , Matthew Chantry , Francis Pelletier , David Rolnick

Accurate medium-range precipitation forecasting is crucial for hydrometeorological risk management and disaster mitigation, yet remains challenging for current numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems. Traditional ensemble systems such as…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-10-24 Tianyi Xiong , Haonan Chen

Machine learning for time-series forecasting remains a key area of research. Despite successful application of many machine learning techniques, relating computational efficiency to forecast error remains an under-explored domain. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Elin Törnquist , Wagner Costa Santos , Timothy Pogue , Nicholas Wingle , Robert A. Caulk

Precipitation nowcasting plays a pivotal role in socioeconomic sectors, especially in severe convective weather warnings. Although notable progress has been achieved by approaches mining the spatiotemporal correlations with deep learning,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Junchao Gong , Siwei Tu , Weidong Yang , Ben Fei , Kun Chen , Wenlong Zhang , Xiaokang Yang , Wanli Ouyang , Lei Bai

Climate models are complicated software systems that approximate atmospheric and oceanic fluid mechanics at a coarse spatial resolution. Typical climate forecasts only explicitly resolve processes larger than 100 km and approximate any…

Efficient load forecasting is needed to ensure better observability in the distribution networks, whereas such forecasting is made possible by an increasing number of smart meter installations. Because distribution networks include a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Miha Grabner , Yi Wang , Qingsong Wen , Boštjan Blažič , Vitomir Štruc

When cloud layers cover photovoltaic (PV) panels, the amount of power the panels produce fluctuates rapidly. Therefore, to maintain enough energy on a power grid to match demand, utilities companies rely on reserve power sources that…

Remote sensing of rainfall events is critical for both operational and scientific needs, including for example weather forecasting, extreme flood mitigation, water cycle monitoring, etc. Ground-based weather radars, such as NOAA's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Aurélien Colin , Pierre Tandeo , Charles Peureux , Romain Husson , Nicolas Longépé , Ronan Fablet

Weather and climate forecasting is vital for sectors such as agriculture and disaster management. Although numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems have advanced, forecasting at the subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) scale, spanning 2 to 6…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Yizhen Guo , Tian Zhou , Wanyi Jiang , Bo Wu , Liang Sun , Rong Jin

Convection initiation (CI) nowcasting remains a challenging problem for both numerical weather prediction models and existing nowcasting algorithms. In this study, object-based probabilistic deep learning models are developed to predict CI…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-07-23 Da Fan , Steven J. Greybush , David John Gagne , Eugene E. Clothiaux

In this paper, we introduce ProNet, an novel deep learning approach designed for multi-horizon time series forecasting, adaptively blending autoregressive (AR) and non-autoregressive (NAR) strategies. Our method involves dividing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Yang Lin

Accurate forecasting of extreme weather events such as heavy rainfall or storms is critical for risk management and disaster mitigation. Although high-resolution radar observations have spurred extensive research on nowcasting models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Changhoon Song , Teng Yuan Chang , Youngjoon Hong