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The density estimation is one of the core problems in statistics. Despite this, existing techniques like maximum likelihood estimation are computationally inefficient due to the intractability of the normalizing constant. For this reason an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-14 Tsimboy Olga , Yermek Kapushev , Evgeny Burnaev , Ivan Oseledets

This paper investigates the score-based diffusion models for density estimation when the target density admits a factorizable low-dimensional nonparametric structure. To be specific, we show that when the log density admits a $d^*$-way…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-07 Jianqing Fan , Yihong Gu , Ximing Li

We address the problem of evaluating the quality of self-supervised learning (SSL) models without access to supervised labels, while being agnostic to the architecture, learning algorithm or data manipulation used during training. We argue…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Yuchen Lu , Zhen Liu , Aristide Baratin , Romain Laroche , Aaron Courville , Alessandro Sordoni

High-dimensional data must be highly structured to be learnable. Although the compositional and hierarchical nature of data is often put forward to explain learnability, quantitative measurements establishing these properties are scarce.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-04 Antonio Sclocchi , Alessandro Favero , Noam Itzhak Levi , Matthieu Wyart

High-dimensional dense embeddings have become central to modern Information Retrieval, but many dimensions are noisy or redundant. Recently proposed DIME (Dimension IMportance Estimation), provides query-dependent scores to identify…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Giulio D'Erasmo , Cesare Campagnano , Antonio Mallia , Pierpaolo Brutti , Nicola Tonellotto , Fabrizio Silvestri

Use denoising diffusion implicit model for bridge-type innovation. The process of adding noise and denoising to an image can be likened to the process of a corpse rotting and a detective restoring the scene of a victim being killed, to help…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Hongjun Zhang

This paper presents NOMAD (Non-Matching Audio Distance), a differentiable perceptual similarity metric that measures the distance of a degraded signal against non-matching references. The proposed method is based on learning deep feature…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Alessandro Ragano , Jan Skoglund , Andrew Hines

When performing classification tasks, raw high dimensional features often contain redundant information, and lead to increased computational complexity and overfitting. In this paper, we assume the data samples lie on a single underlying…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-11 Bowen Jiang , Maohao Shen

We propose self-diffusion, a novel framework for solving inverse problems without relying on pretrained generative models. Traditional diffusion-based approaches require training a model on a clean dataset to learn to reverse the forward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Guanxiong Luo , Shoujin Huang , Yanlong Yang

The performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on natural language tasks can be improved through both supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and in-context learning (ICL), which operate via distinct mechanisms. Supervised fine-tuning updates the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Saahith Janapati , Yangfeng Ji

Mutual information (MI) is one of the most general ways to measure relationships between random variables, but estimating this quantity for complex systems is challenging. Denoising diffusion models have recently set a new bar for density…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Longxuan Yu , Xing Shi , Xianghao Kong , Tong Jia , Greg Ver Steeg

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a crucial part of deploying machine learning models safely. It has been extensively studied with a plethora of methods developed in the literature. This problem is tackled with an OOD score…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Jingqiu Zhou , Aojun Zhou , Hongsheng Li

Accurate interpolation of seismic data is crucial for improving the quality of imaging and interpretation. In recent years, deep learning models such as U-Net and generative adversarial networks have been widely applied to seismic data…

Intrinsic image decomposition (IID) is the task of separating an image into albedo and shade. In real-world scenes, it is difficult to quantitatively assess IID quality due to the unavailability of ground truth. The existing method provides…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Shogo Sato , Masaru Tsuchida , Mariko Yamaguchi , Takuhiro Kaneko , Kazuhiko Murasaki , Taiga Yoshida , Ryuichi Tanida

In recent years, large-scale pre-trained diffusion models have demonstrated their outstanding capabilities in image and video generation tasks. However, existing models tend to produce visual objects commonly found in the training dataset,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Changgu Chen , Libing Yang , Xiaoyan Yang , Lianggangxu Chen , Gaoqi He , CHangbo Wang , Yang Li

Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are vulnerable to targeted training data manipulations such as poisoning attacks and label flips. By carefully manipulating a subset of training samples, the attacker forces the learner to compute an incorrect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Sandamal Weerasinghe , Tansu Alpcan , Sarah M. Erfani , Christopher Leckie

We present an information-theoretic framework for discrete diffusion models that yields principled estimators of log-likelihood using score-matching losses. Inspired by the I-MMSE identity for the Gaussian setup, we derive analogous results…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Moongyu Jeon , Sangwoo Shin , Dongjae Jeon , Albert No

Data denoising is a persistent challenge across scientific and engineering domains. Real-world data is frequently corrupted by complex, non-linear noise, rendering traditional rule-based denoising methods inadequate. To overcome these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Chang Nie , Tianchen Deng , Zhe Liu , Hesheng Wang

Diffusion models have become a leading framework in generative modeling, yet their theoretical understanding -- especially for high-dimensional data concentrated on low-dimensional structures -- remains incomplete. This paper investigates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Zixuan Zhang , Kaixuan Huang , Tuo Zhao , Mengdi Wang , Minshuo Chen

While diffusion has drawn considerable recent attention from the language modeling community, continuous diffusion has appeared less scalable than discrete approaches. To challenge this belief we revisit Plaid, a likelihood-based continuous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhihan Yang , Wei Guo , Shuibai Zhang , Subham Sekhar Sahoo , Yongxin Chen , Arash Vahdat , Morteza Mardani , John Thickstun
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