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The statistics of local measurements performed on certain entangled states can be reproduced using a local hidden variable (LHV) model. While all known models make use of an infinite amount of shared randomness---the physical relevance of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-07 Joseph Bowles , Flavien Hirsch , Marco Túlio Quintino , Nicolas Brunner

Constructing local hidden variable (LHV) models for entangled quantum states is challenging, as the model should reproduce quantum predictions for all possible local measurements. Here we present a simple method for building LHV models,…

Bell inequalities exclude a broad class of local hidden-variable explanations of quantum correlations. A recurring objection is that the usual Bell form is static, whereas real measuring devices may contain local memory, stochastic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Ming Yang

In all local realistic theories worked out till now, locality is considered as a basic assumption. Most people in the field consider the inconsistency between local realistic theories and quantum mechanics to be a result of non-local nature…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Fahmi

Quantum mechanics admits correlations that cannot be explained by local realistic models. Those most studied are the standard local hidden variable models, which satisfy the well-known Bell inequalities. To date, most works have focused on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-01 Dylan J. Saunders , Adam J. Bennet , Cyril Branciard , Geoff J. Pryde

The experimental violation of Bell inequalities using spacelike separated measurements precludes the explanation of quantum correlations through causal influences propagating at subluminal speed. Yet, any such experimental violation could…

Bell nonlocality refers to correlations between two distant, entangled particles that challenge classical notions of local causality. Beyond its foundational significance, nonlocality is crucial for device-independent technologies like…

Bell nonlocality is the key quantum resource in some device-independent quantum information processing. It is of great importance to study the efficient sharing of this resource. Unsharp measurements are widely used in sharing the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-21 Tinggui Zhang , Hong Yang , Shao-Ming Fei

Bell's theorem is a no-go theorem stating that quantum mechanics cannot be reproduced by a physical theory based on realism, freedom to choose experimental settings and two locality conditions: setting (SI) and outcome (OI) independence. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 M. Pawlowski , J. Kofler , T. Paterek , M. Seevinck , C. Brukner

We address the characterization of genuine network nonlocal correlations, which remain highly challenging due to the non-convex nature of local correlations even in the distinct triangle scenario with three sources and three observers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Anantha Krishnan Sunilkumar , Anil Shaji , Debashis Saha

We consistently formalize the probabilistic description of multipartite joint measurements performed on systems of any nature. This allows us: (1) to specify in probabilistic terms the difference between nonsignaling, the Einstein-…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-12-20 Elena R. Loubenets

Bell's theorem implies that any completion of quantum mechanics which uses hidden variables (that is, preexisting values of all observables) must be nonlocal in the Einstein sense. This customarily indicates that knowledge of the hidden…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-18 Avishy Carmi , Eliahu Cohen , Lorenzo Maccone , Hrvoje Nikolic

Bell's theorem depends crucially on counterfactual reasoning, and is mistakenly interpreted as ruling out a local explanation for the correlations which can be observed between the results of measurements performed on spatially-separated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Mark A. Rubin

Several authors have recently claimed that Bell's inequalities (BI) do not apply to certain types of generalized local hidden variables (HV) models. These claims are rejected, by means of a proof of BI valid for a very broad class of local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Angel G. Valdenebro

In quantum mechanics, joint measurements of non-commuting observables are only possible if a minimal unavoidable measurement uncertainty is accepted. On the other hand, correlations between non-commuting observables can exceed classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Holger F. Hofmann

Bell's theorem basically states that local hidden variable theory cannot predict the correlations produced by quantum mechanics. It is based on the assumption that Alice and Bob can choose measurements from a measurement set containing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-22 Yang D. Li

Measurement correlations in quantum systems can exhibit non-local behavior, a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics with applications such as device-independent quantum information processing. However, the explicit construction of local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-30 Nick von Selzam , Florian Marquardt

It was shown by Bell that no local hidden variable model is compatible with quantum mechanics. If, instead, one permits the hidden variables to be entirely non-local, then any quantum mechanical predictions can be recovered. In this paper,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Roger Colbeck , Renato Renner

Three classes of local hidden-variable models that violate both Bell and Leggett inequalities are presented. The models, however, do not reproduce the quantum mechanical predictions, hence they are experimentally testable. It is concluded…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-25 Antonio Di Lorenzo

An alternative method of detection-loophole-free Bell test is proposed using local hidden variable (LHV) models with optimal detection efficiencies. A framework for constructing such optimal LHV models is presented. Optimal LHV models for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-24 Fuming Wang