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Histology imaging is an important tool in medical diagnosis and research, enabling the examination of tissue structure and composition at the microscopic level. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of tissue architecture is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Ronald Xie , Kuan Pang , Sai W. Chung , Catia T. Perciani , Sonya A. MacParland , Bo Wang , Gary D. Bader

The diagnosis of cancer is mainly performed by visual analysis of the pathologists, through examining the morphology of the tissue slices and the spatial arrangement of the cells. If the microscopic image of a specimen is not stained, it…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-06 Pegah Salehi , Abdolah Chalechale

Pathological diagnosis relies on the visual inspection of histologically stained thin tissue specimens, where different types of stains are applied to bring contrast to and highlight various desired histological features. However, the…

Medical Physics · Physics 2022-08-18 Xilin Yang , Bijie Bai , Yijie Zhang , Yuzhu Li , Kevin de Haan , Tairan Liu , Aydogan Ozcan

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) is a novel technique that simultaneously captures pathological images and gene expression profiling with spatial coordinates. Since ST is closely related to pathological features such as disease subtypes, it may…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Kazuya Nishimura , Ryoma Bise , Yasuhiro Kojima

Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining is the clinical standard for assessing tissue morphology, but it lacks molecular-level diagnostic information. In contrast, immunohistochemistry (IHC) provides crucial insights into biomarker expression,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-05 Jingsong Liu , Xiaofeng Deng , Han Li , Azar Kazemi , Christian Grashei , Gesa Wilkens , Xin You , Tanja Groll , Nassir Navab , Carolin Mogler , Peter J. Schüffler

Spatial Transcriptomics (ST) enables the measurement of gene expression while preserving spatial information, offering critical insights into tissue architecture and disease pathology. Recent developments have explored the use of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Hai Dang Nguyen , Nguyen Dang Huy Pham , The Minh Duc Nguyen , Dac Thai Nguyen , Hang Thi Nguyen , Duong M. Nguyen

Recent advances in multi-modal algorithms have driven and been driven by the increasing availability of large image-text datasets, leading to significant strides in various fields, including computational pathology. However, in most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Jiawen Chen , Muqing Zhou , Wenrong Wu , Jinwei Zhang , Yun Li , Didong Li

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) enables simultaneous mapping of tissue morphology and spatially resolved gene expression, offering unique opportunities to study tumor microenvironment heterogeneity. Here, we introduce a computational framework…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-27 Ling Liao , Changhuei Yang , Maxim Artyomov , Mark Watson , Adam Kepecs , Haowen Zhou , Alexey Sergushichev , Richard Cote

Spatial omics (SO) technologies enable spatially resolved molecular profiling, while hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) imaging remains the gold standard for morphological assessment in clinical pathology. Recent computational advances…

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) profiles gene expression across a tissue section while preserving the spatial coordinates. Because current ST technologies typically profile two-dimensional tissue slices, integrating and aligning slices from…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-20 Yaqi Wu , Jingfeng Wang , Xin Maizie Zhou , Yanxiang Zhao , Zixuan Cang

Recent advancements in spatial transcriptomics technologies allow researchers to simultaneously measure RNA expression levels for hundreds to thousands of genes while preserving spatial information within tissues, providing critical…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-31 Catherine Higgins , Jingyi Jessica Li , Michelle Carey

Conventional hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining is limited to revealing cell morphology and distribution, whereas immunohistochemical (IHC) staining provides precise and specific visualization of protein activation at the molecular level.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-30 Fuqiang Chen , Ranran Zhang , Boyun Zheng , Yiwen Sun , Jiahui He , Wenjian Qin

Modern histopathology relies on the microscopic examination of thin tissue sections stained with histochemical techniques, typically using brightfield or fluorescence microscopy. However, the staining of samples can permanently alter their…

Histological examination is a crucial step in an autopsy; however, the traditional histochemical staining of post-mortem samples faces multiple challenges, including the inferior staining quality due to autolysis caused by delayed fixation…

Synthetic data generation in histopathology faces unique challenges: preserving tissue heterogeneity, capturing subtle morphological features, and scaling to unannotated datasets. We present a latent diffusion model that generates realistic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Saghir Alfasly , Wataru Uegami , MD Enamul Hoq , Ghazal Alabtah , H. R. Tizhoosh

The rapid development of spatial transcriptomics (ST) offers new opportunities to explore the gene expression patterns within the spatial microenvironment. Current research integrates pathological images to infer gene expression, addressing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Junchao Zhu , Ruining Deng , Tianyuan Yao , Juming Xiong , Chongyu Qu , Junlin Guo , Siqi Lu , Yucheng Tang , Daguang Xu , Mengmeng Yin , Yu Wang , Shilin Zhao , Yaohong Wang , Haichun Yang , Yuankai Huo

Advances in spatial transcriptomics (ST) technologies enable systematic molecular characterization of tumor microenvironment, tumor gradients and gene regulatory networks. Cancer progression is known to vary along pathological gradients,…

Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining visualizes histology but lacks specificity for diagnostic markers. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining provides protein-targeted staining but is restricted by tissue availability and antibody…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-01 Anran Liu , Xiaofei Wang , Jing Cai , Chao Li

Virtual staining offers a promising method for converting Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) images into Immunohistochemical (IHC) images, eliminating the need for costly chemical processes. However, existing methods often struggle to utilize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Sicheng Yang , Zhaohu Xing , Haipeng Zhou , Lei Zhu

Spatial Transcriptomics (ST) profiles thousands of gene expression values at discrete spots with precise coordinates on tissue sections, preserving spatial context essential for clinical and pathological studies. With rising sequencing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yishun Zhu , Jiaxin Qi , Jian Wang , Yuhua Zheng , Jianqiang Huang