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Proof assistants like Lean have revolutionized mathematical proof verification, ensuring high accuracy and reliability. Although large language models (LLMs) show promise in mathematical reasoning, their advancement in formal theorem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Huajian Xin , Daya Guo , Zhihong Shao , Zhizhou Ren , Qihao Zhu , Bo Liu , Chong Ruan , Wenda Li , Xiaodan Liang

Verifiers have been demonstrated to enhance LLM reasoning via test-time scaling (TTS). Yet, they face significant challenges in complex domains. Error propagation from incorrect intermediate reasoning can lead to false positives for…

The demand for synthetic data in mathematical reasoning has increased due to its potential to enhance the mathematical capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, ensuring the validity of intermediate reasoning steps remains a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Joshua Ong Jun Leang , Giwon Hong , Wenda Li , Shay B. Cohen

We present StepFun-Prover Preview, a large language model designed for formal theorem proving through tool-integrated reasoning. Using a reinforcement learning pipeline that incorporates tool-based interactions, StepFun-Prover can achieve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Shijie Shang , Ruosi Wan , Yue Peng , Yutong Wu , Xiong-hui Chen , Jie Yan , Xiangyu Zhang

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have made significant progress in mathematical capabilities in recent times. However, these successes have been primarily confined to competition-level problems. In this work, we propose AI Mathematician (AIM)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Yuanhang Liu , Yanxing Huang , Yanqiao Wang , Peng Li , Yang Liu

We present $\textbf{Research Math Agents (RMA)}$, an agentic framework for automated reasoning on research-level mathematical problems. Unlike prior studies centered on competition mathematics or formal theorem proving, RMA targets…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Zelin Zhao , Bo Yuan , Jaemoo Choi , Yongxin Chen

Automated theorem proving is essential for the formal verification of safety-critical systems. As the corpus of formal proofs grows, a natural paradigm is to learn from existing proofs. However, current learning-based approaches…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jian Fang , Yixun Yao , Yingfei Xiong

Mathematical theorem proving is an important testbed for large language models' deep and abstract reasoning capability. This paper focuses on improving LLMs' ability to write proofs in formal languages that permit automated proof…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Kefan Dong , Arvind Mahankali , Tengyu Ma

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in generating mathematical proofs. However, a persistent challenge is that LLMs occasionally make mistakes, while even a minor mistake can invalidate an entire proof.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-03-10 David Yin , Jing Gao

Large language models (LLMs) face challenges in solving complex mathematical problems that require comprehensive capacities to parse the statements, associate domain knowledge, perform compound logical reasoning, and integrate the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Haoran Liao , Qinyi Du , Shaohua Hu , Hao He , Yanyan Xu , Jidong Tian , Yaohui Jin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are playing an increasingly important role in physics research by assisting with symbolic manipulation, numerical computation, and scientific reasoning. However, ensuring the reliability, transparency, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yinggan Xu , Hana Kimlee , Yijia Xiao , Di Luo

Large language models (LLMs) achieve promising performance, yet their ability to reason remains poorly understood. Existing evaluations largely emphasize task-level accuracy, often conflating pattern matching with reasoning capability. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Gao Tianxi , Cai Yufan , Yuan Yusi , Dong Jin Song

Scientific and Technical Intelligence (S&TI) analysis requires verifying complex technical claims across rapidly growing literature, where existing approaches fail to bridge the verification gap between surface-level accuracy and deeper…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Yuntao Du , Minh Dinh , Kaiyuan Zhang , Ninghui Li

Formal theorem-proving benchmarks enable mechanically verifiable evaluation of mathematical reasoning in large language models. However, existing benchmarks mainly focus on Olympiad-style problems and algebraic domains, leaving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Wentao Long , Yunfei Zhang , Chenyi Li , Li Zhou , Chumin Sun , Zaiwen Wen

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved impressive performances in mathematical reasoning, yet they remain vulnerable to visual hallucinations and logical inconsistencies that standard outcome-based supervision fails to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Peng Kuang , Xiangxiang Wang , Wentao Liu , Jian Dong , Kaidi Xu

Explainable AI (XAI) helps users interpret model behavior and identify potential faults. Agentic XAI systems use Large Language Models (LLMs) to make explanations more accessible through natural-language interaction, but they can also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jaechang Kim , Sunung Mun , Seungjoon Lee , Jaewoong Cho , Jungseul Ok

Formal theorem proving with TLA+ provides rigorous guarantees for system specifications, but constructing proofs requires substantial expertise and effort. While large language models have shown promise in automating proofs for tactic-based…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yuhao Zhou , Stavros Tripakis

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) and LLM-based agents have substantially improved the capabilities of automated theorem proving. However, for problems requiring complex mathematical reasoning, current systems rarely succeed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Ruichen Qiu , Yichuan Cao , Junqi Liu , Dakai Guo , Xiao-Shan Gao , Lihong Zhi , Ruyong Feng

We investigate how large language models can be used as research tools in scientific computing while preserving mathematical rigor. We propose a human-in-the-loop workflow for interactive theorem proving and discovery with LLMs. Human…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Chenyi Li , Zhijian Lai , Dong An , Jiang Hu , Zaiwen Wen

As artificial intelligence (AI) gains greater adoption in a wide variety of applications, it has immense potential to contribute to mathematical discovery, by guiding conjecture generation, constructing counterexamples, assisting in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Hassen Saidi , Susmit Jha , Tuhin Sahai