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We present the first large-scale, cross-domain evaluation of document chunking strategies for dense retrieval, addressing a critical but underexplored aspect of retrieval-augmented systems. In our study, 36 segmentation methods spanning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Muhammad Arslan Shaukat , Muntasir Adnan , Carlos C. N. Kuhn

This paper introduces Freestyle, a randomized and variable round version of the ChaCha cipher. Freestyle uses the concept of hash based halting condition where a decryption attempt with an incorrect key is likely to take longer time to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-20 P. Arun Babu , Jithin Jose Thomas

Binary security has increasingly relied on deep learning to reason about malware behavior and program semantics. However, the performance often degrades as threat landscapes evolve and code representations shift. While continual learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yiling He , Junchi Lei , Hongyu She , Shuo Shao , Xinran Zheng , Yiping Liu , Zhan Qin , Lorenzo Cavallaro

The contextual bandit has been identified as a powerful framework to formulate the recommendation process as a sequential decision-making process, where each item is regarded as an arm and the objective is to minimize the regret of $T$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Yikun Ban , Yunzhe Qi , Tianxin Wei , Lihui Liu , Jingrui He

Fuzzing is an automated software testing technique broadly adopted by the industry. A popular variant is mutation-based fuzzing, which discovers a large number of bugs in practice. While the research community has studied mutation-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Patrick Jauernig , Domagoj Jakobovic , Stjepan Picek , Emmanuel Stapf , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

The quadratic cost of attention in transformers motivated the development of efficient approaches: namely sparse and sliding window attention, convolutions and linear attention. Although these approaches result in impressive reductions in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Jatin Prakash , Aahlad Puli , Rajesh Ranganath

Over 70% of security vulnerabilities in critical software systems today result from memory safety violations. To address this challenge, fuzzing and static analysis are widely used automated methods to discover such vulnerabilities. Fuzzing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Keno Hassler , Philipp Görz , Stephan Lipp

In the classical multi-armed bandit problem, instance-dependent algorithms attain improved performance on "easy" problems with a gap between the best and second-best arm. Are similar guarantees possible for contextual bandits? While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Dylan J. Foster , Alexander Rakhlin , David Simchi-Levi , Yunzong Xu

We study a novel multi-armed bandit problem that models the challenge faced by a company wishing to explore new strategies to maximize revenue whilst simultaneously maintaining their revenue above a fixed baseline, uniformly over time.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-02-16 Yifan Wu , Roshan Shariff , Tor Lattimore , Csaba Szepesvári

Many automated systems need the capability of automatic change detection without the given detection threshold. This paper presents an automated change detection algorithm in streaming multivariate data. Two overlapping windows are used to…

Databases · Computer Science 2013-11-05 Dang-Hoan Tran

Mutation-based fuzzing is effective for uncovering compiler bugs, but designing high-quality mutators for modern languages with complex constructs (e.g., templates, macros) remains challenging. Existing methods rely heavily on manual design…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Bo Wang , Pengyang Wang , Chong Chen , Ming Deng , Jieke Shi , Qi Sun , Chengran Yang , Youfang Lin , Zhou Yang , Junjie Chen , Jun Sun , David Lo

Contextual bandits are incredibly useful in many practical problems. We go one step further by devising a more realistic problem that combines: (1) contextual bandits with dense arm features, (2) non-linear reward functions, and (3) a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Wei Min Loh , Sajib Kumer Sinha , Ankur Agarwal , Pascal Poupart

Smart contracts are Turing-complete programs that execute on the infrastructure of the blockchain, which often manage valuable digital assets. Solidity is one of the most popular programming languages for writing smart contracts on the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Tai D. Nguyen , Long H. Pham , Jun Sun , Yun Lin , Quang Tran Minh

Used for simple commands recognition on devices from smart routers to mobile phones, keyword spotting systems are everywhere. Ubiquitous as well are web applications, which have grown in popularity and complexity over the last decade with…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-11-01 Jaejun Lee , Raphael Tang , Jimmy Lin

In this paper we consider the problem of online stochastic optimization of a locally smooth function under bandit feedback. We introduce the high-confidence tree (HCT) algorithm, a novel any-time $\mathcal{X}$-armed bandit algorithm, and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-05-20 Mohammad Gheshlaghi Azar , Alessandro Lazaric , Emma Brunskill

Contextual bandit algorithms are commonly used in recommender systems, where content popularity can change rapidly. These algorithms continuously learn latent mappings between users and items, based on contexts associated with them both.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Kanak Mahadik , Qingyun Wu , Shuai Li , Amit Sabne

Personalized web services strive to adapt their services (advertisements, news articles, etc) to individual users by making use of both content and user information. Despite a few recent advances, this problem remains challenging for at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-03-05 Lihong Li , Wei Chu , John Langford , Robert E. Schapire

This paper presents Squid, a new conjunctive query synthesis algorithm for searching code with target patterns. Given positive and negative examples along with a natural language description, Squid analyzes the relations derived from the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Chengpeng Wang , Peisen Yao , Wensheng Tang , Gang Fan , Charles Zhang

Fuzz testing is a fundamental technique employed to identify vulnerabilities within software systems. However, the process can be protracted and resource-intensive, especially when confronted with extensive codebases. In this work, I…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Saket Upadhyay

Evasion techniques allow malicious code to never be observed. This impacts significantly the detection capabilities of tools that rely on either dynamic or static analysis, as they never get to process the malicious code. The dynamic nature…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Nikolaos Pantelaios , Alexandros Kapravelos