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With the rapid development of MLLMs, evaluating their visual capabilities has become increasingly crucial. Current benchmarks primarily fall into two main types: basic perception benchmarks, which focus on local details but lack deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Chenhui Qiang , Zhaoyang Wei , Xumeng Han , Zipeng Wang , Siyao Li , Xiangyuan Lan , Jianbin Jiao , Zhenjun Han

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have broadened the scope of AI applications. Existing automatic evaluation methodologies for MLLMs are mainly limited in evaluating queries without considering user experiences, inadequately…

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved remarkable proficiency in explicit visual recognition, effectively describing what is directly visible in an image. However, a critical cognitive gap emerges when the visual input serves…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Seyed Amir Kasaei , Arash Marioriyad , Mahbod Khaleti , MohammadAmin Fazli , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah , Mohammad Hossein Rohban

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown promising capabilities in mathematical reasoning within visual contexts across various datasets. However, most existing multimodal math benchmarks are limited to single-visual contexts,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Peijie Wang , Zhong-Zhi Li , Fei Yin , Xin Yang , Dekang Ran , Cheng-Lin Liu

Recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) show strong capabilities in visual-language reasoning, yet their performance on ultra-high-resolution imagery remains largely unexplored. Existing visual question answering (VQA) benchmarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Siqi Li , Xinyu Cai , Jianbiao Mei , Nianchen Deng , Pinlong Cai , Licheng Wen , Yufan Shen , Xuemeng Yang , Botian Shi , Yong Liu

Understanding perspective is fundamental to human visual perception, yet the extent to which multimodal large language models (MLLMs) internalize perspective geometry remains unclear. We introduce MMPerspective, the first benchmark…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yolo Y. Tang , Pinxin Liu , Zhangyun Tan , Mingqian Feng , Rui Mao , Chao Huang , Jing Bi , Yunzhong Xiao , Susan Liang , Hang Hua , Ali Vosoughi , Luchuan Song , Zeliang Zhang , Chenliang Xu

Significant research efforts have been made to scale and improve vision-language model (VLM) training approaches. Yet, with an ever-growing number of benchmarks, researchers are tasked with the heavy burden of implementing each protocol,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Haider Al-Tahan , Quentin Garrido , Randall Balestriero , Diane Bouchacourt , Caner Hazirbas , Mark Ibrahim

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) show impressive vision-language benchmark performance, yet growing concerns about data contamination (test set exposure during training) risk masking true generalization. This concern extends to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Ming Liu , Wensheng Zhang

We investigate to what extent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) can accurately identify the orientation of input images rotated 0{\deg}, 90{\deg}, 180{\deg}, and 270{\deg}. This task demands robust visual reasoning capabilities to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Tianyi Niu , Jaemin Cho , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Mohit Bansal

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) mark a shift from non-thinking models to post-trained reasoning models capable of solving complex problems through thinking. However, whether such thinking mitigates hallucinations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Zhidian Huang , Zijun Yao , Ji Qi , Shangqing Tu , Junxian Ma , Jinxin Liu , Weichuan Liu , Xiaoyin Che , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), despite their recent success, are hardly comprehensively tested for their cognitive abilities. Inspired by the prevalent use of the Cookie Theft task in human cognitive tests, we propose a novel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Xiujie Song , Mengyue Wu , Kenny Q. Zhu , Chunhao Zhang , Yanyi Chen

The astonishing breakthrough of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has necessitated new benchmarks to quantitatively assess their capabilities, reveal their limitations, and indicate future research directions. However, this is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Fengxiang Wang , Hongzhen Wang , Mingshuo Chen , Di Wang , Yulin Wang , Zonghao Guo , Qiang Ma , Long Lan , Wenjing Yang , Jing Zhang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

End-to-end text-image machine translation (TIMT), which directly translates textual content in images across languages, is crucial for real-world multilingual scene understanding. Despite advances in vision-language large models (VLLMs),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Gengluo Li , Chengquan Zhang , Yupu Liang , Huawen Shen , Yaping Zhang , Pengyuan Lyu , Weinong Wang , Xingyu Wan , Gangyan Zeng , Han Hu , Can Ma , Yu Zhou

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated proficiency in handling a variety of visual-language tasks. However, current MLLM benchmarks are predominantly designed to evaluate reasoning based on static information about a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Xiyao Wang , Yuhang Zhou , Xiaoyu Liu , Hongjin Lu , Yuancheng Xu , Feihong He , Jaehong Yoon , Taixi Lu , Gedas Bertasius , Mohit Bansal , Huaxiu Yao , Furong Huang

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are adept at answering what is in an image-identifying objects and describing scenes-they often lack the ability to understand how an image feels to a human observer. This gap is most evident…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Yiming Chen , Junlin Han , Tianyi Bai , Shengbang Tong , Filippos Kokkinos , Philip Torr

Understanding the physical world - governed by laws of motion, spatial relations, and causality - poses a fundamental challenge for multimodal large language models (MLLMs). While recent advances such as OpenAI o3 and GPT-4o demonstrate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Zhuobai Dong , Junchao Yi , Ziyuan Zheng , Haochen Han , Xiangxi Zheng , Alex Jinpeng Wang , Fangming Liu , Linjie Li

Spatial intelligence is essential for multimodal large language models (MLLMs) operating in the complex physical world. Existing benchmarks, however, probe only single-image relations and thus fail to assess the multi-image spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Sihan Yang , Runsen Xu , Yiman Xie , Sizhe Yang , Mo Li , Jingli Lin , Chenming Zhu , Xiaochen Chen , Haodong Duan , Xiangyu Yue , Dahua Lin , Tai Wang , Jiangmiao Pang

Recent advancements in Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs), have greatly enhanced their capability to jointly process text and images. However, despite extensive benchmarks evaluating visual comprehension (e.g., diagrams, color schemes, OCR…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Benjamin Clavié , Florian Brand

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in visual mathematical reasoning across various existing benchmarks. However, these benchmarks are predominantly based on clean or processed multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Jun Feng , Zixin Wang , Zhentao Zhang , Yue Guo , Zhihan Zhou , Xiuyi Chen , Zhenyang Li , Dawei Yin

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved impressive performance in cross-modal understanding across textual and visual inputs, yet existing benchmarks predominantly focus on pure-text queries. In real-world scenarios, language also…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Qing'an Liu , Juntong Feng , Yuhao Wang , Xinzhe Han , Yujie Cheng , Yue Zhu , Haiwen Diao , Yunzhi Zhuge , Huchuan Lu