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The global demand for radiologists is increasing rapidly due to a growing reliance on medical imaging services, while the supply of radiologists is not keeping pace. Advances in computer vision and image processing technologies present…

As deep learning models increasingly find applications in critical domains such as medical imaging, the need for transparent and trustworthy decision-making becomes paramount. Many explainability methods provide insights into how these…

The examination of chest X-ray images is a crucial component in detecting various thoracic illnesses. This study introduces a new image description generation model that integrates a Vision Transformer (ViT) encoder with cross-modal…

Learning harmful shortcuts such as spurious correlations and biases prevents deep neural networks from learning the meaningful and useful representations, thus jeopardizing the generalizability and interpretability of the learned…

We examined whether embedding human attention knowledge into saliency-based explainable AI (XAI) methods for computer vision models could enhance their plausibility and faithfulness. We first developed new gradient-based XAI methods for…

Chest X-ray is an essential diagnostic tool in the identification of chest diseases given its high sensitivity to pathological abnormalities in the lungs. However, image-driven diagnosis is still challenging due to heterogeneity in size and…

In this study, we demonstrate the application of a hybrid Vision Transformer (ViT) model, pretrained on ImageNet, on an electroencephalogram (EEG) regression task. Despite being originally trained for image classification tasks, when…

Deployments of artificial intelligence in medical diagnostics mandate not just accuracy and efficacy but also trust, emphasizing the need for explainability in machine decisions. The recent trend in automated medical image diagnostics leans…

We introduce explanatory guided learning (XGL), a novel interactive learning strategy in which a machine guides a human supervisor toward selecting informative examples for a classifier. The guidance is provided by means of global…

Chest X-ray images are commonly used in medical diagnosis, and AI models have been developed to assist with the interpretation of these images. However, many of these models rely on information from a single view of the X-ray, while…

Recently, there has been a surge of significant interest on application of Deep Learning (DL) models to autonomously perform hand gesture recognition using surface Electromyogram (sEMG) signals. DL models are, however, mainly designed to be…

Transformer model architectures have become an indispensable staple in deep learning lately for their effectiveness across a range of tasks. Recently, a surge of "X-former" models have been proposed which improve upon the original…

The emergence of deep learning has significantly enhanced the analysis of electrocardiograms (ECGs), a non-invasive method that is essential for assessing heart health. Despite the complexity of ECG interpretation, advanced deep learning…

The detection of cardiac abnormalities using electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is crucial for early diagnosis and intervention in cardiovascular diseases. Traditional deep learning models often lack adaptability to varying signal patterns.…

Vision Transformer(ViT) is one of the most widely used models in the computer vision field with its great performance on various tasks. In order to fully utilize the ViT-based architecture in various applications, proper visualization…

Recent advancements in medical image analysis have predominantly relied on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), achieving impressive performance in chest X-ray classification tasks, such as the 92% AUC reported by AutoThorax-Net and the…

Explaining the decision-making processes of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models is crucial for addressing their "black box" nature, particularly in tasks like image classification. Traditional eXplainable AI (XAI) methods typically rely on…

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) and transformers are increasingly popular in histopathology Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification. However, unlike human pathologists who selectively observe specific regions of histopathology tissues under…

Electroencephalography (EEG)-based emotion recognition plays a critical role in affective computing and emerging decision-support systems, yet remains challenging due to high-dimensional, noisy, and subject-dependent signals. This study…

Improving large language models (LLMs) for electronic health record (EHR) reasoning is essential for enabling accurate and generalizable clinical predictions. While LLMs excel at medical text understanding, they underperform on EHR-based…