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Large language models (LLMs) has become a significant research focus and is utilized in various fields, such as text generation and dialog systems. One of the most essential applications of LLM is Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG), which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Sicheng Dong , Vahid Zolfaghari , Nenad Petrovic , Alois Knoll

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) integrates non-parametric knowledge into Large Language Models (LLMs), typically from unstructured texts and structured graphs. While recent progress has advanced text-based RAG to multi-turn reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Yucan Guo , Miao Su , Saiping Guan , Zihao Sun , Xiaolong Jin , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) grounds large language models (LLMs) in external evidence, but fails when retrieved sources conflict or contain outdated or subjective information. Prior work address these issues independently but lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Shubham Mishra , Samyek Jain , Gorang Mehrishi , Shiv Tiwari , Harsh Sharma , Pratik Narang , Dhruv Kumar

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) combines the language understanding and reasoning power of large language models (LLMs) with external retrieval to enable domain-grounded responses. Effectively adapting RAG systems to domain-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Chris Xing Tian , Weihao Xie , Zhen Chen , Zhengyuan Yi , Hui Liu , Haoliang Li , Shiqi Wang , Siwei Ma

The paradigm of retrieval-augmented generated (RAG) helps mitigate hallucinations of large language models (LLMs). However, RAG also introduces biases contained within the retrieved documents. These biases can be amplified in scenarios…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Bryan Li , Fiona Luo , Samar Haider , Adwait Agashe , Tammy Li , Runqi Liu , Muqing Miao , Shriya Ramakrishnan , Yuan Yuan , Chris Callison-Burch

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a core paradigm for enhancing factual grounding and multi-hop reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs). Traditional text-based RAG often retrieves logically irrelevant pseudo-evidence, while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Jiarui Zhong , Hong Cai Chen

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) frameworks enable large language models (LLMs) to retrieve relevant information from a knowledge base and incorporate it into the context for generating responses. This mitigates hallucinations and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Pouria Rouzrokh , Shahriar Faghani , Cooper U. Gamble , Moein Shariatnia , Bradley J. Erickson

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are showing promising potential, and are becoming increasingly relevant in AI-powered legal applications. Existing benchmarks, such as LegalBench, assess the generative capabilities of Large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Nicholas Pipitone , Ghita Houir Alami

Large language models (LLMs) are widely used in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) to incorporate external knowledge at inference time. However, when retrieved contexts are noisy, incomplete, or heterogeneous, a single generation process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Xingchen Xiao , Heyan Huang , Runheng Liu , Jincheng Xie

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly improved complex reasoning capabilities. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has further extended these capabilities by grounding generation in dynamically retrieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Jash Rajesh Parekh , Pengcheng Jiang , Jiawei Han

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a critical mechanism in contemporary NLP to support Large Language Models(LLMs) in systematically accessing richer factual context. However, the integration of RAG mechanisms brings its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Leonardo Ranaldi , Marco Valentino , Andrè Freitas

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in data synthesis but can be inaccurate in domain-specific tasks, which retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems address by leveraging user-provided data. However, RAGs require optimization in both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Kazi Ahmed Asif Fuad , Lizhong Chen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) grounds Large Language Models (LLMs) in external knowledge but often suffers from flat context representations and stateless retrieval, leading to unstable performance. We propose Stateful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Qi Dong , Ziheng Lin , Ning Ding

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) combines document retrieval with large language models to produce responses grounded in external evidence. While several R packages support core components of RAG workflows, integrated evaluation of RAG…

Computation · Statistics 2026-04-28 Muhammad Aimal Rehman , Zhili Lu , Chi-Kuang Yeh

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enables large language models (LLMs) to access broader knowledge sources, yet factual inconsistencies persist due to noise in retrieved documents-even with advanced retrieval methods. We demonstrate that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yongjian Li , HaoCheng Chu , Yukun Yan , Zhenghao Liu , Shi Yu , Zheni Zeng , Ruobing Wang , Sen Song , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Counterspeech offers direct rebuttals to hateful speech by challenging perpetrators of hate and showing support to targets of abuse. It provides a promising alternative to more contentious measures, such as content moderation and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Yi-Ling Chung , Gavin Abercrombie , Florence Enock , Jonathan Bright , Verena Rieser

While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge, they still face persistent challenges in retrieval inefficiency and the inability of LLMs to filter out irrelevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Ruobing Yao , Yifei Zhang , Shuang Song , Yuhua Liu , Neng Gao , Chenyang Tu

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) systems provide a method for factually grounding the responses of a Large Language Model (LLM) by providing retrieved evidence, or context, as support. Guided by this context, RAG systems can reduce…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Shakiba Amirshahi , Amin Bigdeli , Charles L. A. Clarke , Amira Ghenai

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a leading approach to reducing hallucinations in large language models (LLMs). Current RAG evaluation benchmarks primarily focus on what we call local RAG: retrieving relevant chunks from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Qi Luo , Xiaonan Li , Tingshuo Fan , Xinchi Chen , Xipeng Qiu

The prevalence of machine learning models in various industries has led to growing demands for model interpretability and for the ability to provide meaningful recourse to users. For example, patients hoping to improve their diagnoses or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Daniel Nemirovsky , Nicolas Thiebaut , Ye Xu , Abhishek Gupta