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Current methods for end-to-end constructive neural combinatorial optimization usually train a policy using behavior cloning from expert solutions or policy gradient methods from reinforcement learning. While behavior cloning is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Jonathan Pirnay , Dominik G. Grimm

Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) is an emerging domain where deep learning techniques are employed to address combinatorial optimization problems as a standalone solver. Despite their potential, existing NCO methods often suffer from…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Andoni I. Garmendia , Quentin Cappart , Josu Ceberio , Alexander Mendiburu

The constructive approach within Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) treats a combinatorial optimization problem as a finite Markov decision process, where solutions are built incrementally through a sequence of decisions guided by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Jonathan Pirnay , Dominik G. Grimm

Neural combinatorial optimization (NCO) aims at designing problem-independent and efficient neural network-based strategies for solving combinatorial problems. The field recently experienced growth by successfully adapting architectures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Michal Lisicki , Arash Afkanpour , Graham W. Taylor

Combinatorial optimization problems involving multiple agents are notoriously challenging due to their NP-hard nature and the necessity for effective agent coordination. Despite advancements in learning-based methods, existing approaches…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Federico Berto , Chuanbo Hua , Laurin Luttmann , Jiwoo Son , Junyoung Park , Kyuree Ahn , Changhyun Kwon , Lin Xie , Jinkyoo Park

Traditional solvers for tackling combinatorial optimization (CO) problems are usually designed by human experts. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in utilizing deep learning, especially deep reinforcement learning, to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Shengcai Liu , Yu Zhang , Ke Tang , Xin Yao

Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) has mostly focused on learning policies, typically neural networks, that operate on a single candidate solution at a time, either by constructing one from scratch or iteratively improving it. In…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Andoni Irazusta Garmendia , Josu Ceberio , Alexander Mendiburu

The end-to-end neural combinatorial optimization (NCO) method shows promising performance in solving complex combinatorial optimization problems without the need for expert design. However, existing methods struggle with large-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Fu Luo , Xi Lin , Zhenkun Wang , Xialiang Tong , Mingxuan Yuan , Qingfu Zhang

Multi-agent systems can be extremely efficient when working concurrently and collaboratively, e.g., for transportation, maintenance, search and rescue. Coordination of such teams often involves two aspects: (i) selecting appropriate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Zili Tang , Junfeng Chen , Meng Guo

We present Coordinated Proximal Policy Optimization (CoPPO), an algorithm that extends the original Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) to the multi-agent setting. The key idea lies in the coordinated adaptation of step size during the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Zifan Wu , Chao Yu , Deheng Ye , Junge Zhang , Haiyin Piao , Hankz Hankui Zhuo

Neural Combinatorial Optimization aims to learn to solve a class of combinatorial problems through data-driven methods and notably through employing neural networks by learning the underlying distribution of problem instances. While, so far…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Daniela Thyssens , Tim Dernedde , Wilson Sentanoe , Lars Schmidt-Thieme

Combinatorial Optimization (CO) encompasses a wide range of problems that arise in many real-world scenarios. While significant progress has been made in developing learning-based methods for specialized CO problems, a unified model with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Zefang Zong , Xiaochen Wei , Guozhen Zhang , Chen Gao , Huandong Wang , Yong Li

Reinforcement learning algorithms require a large amount of samples; this often limits their real-world applications on even simple tasks. Such a challenge is more outstanding in multi-agent tasks, as each step of operation is more costly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Yali Du , Chengdong Ma , Yuchen Liu , Runji Lin , Hao Dong , Jun Wang , Yaodong Yang

Combinatorial optimization problems, such as scheduling and route planning, are crucial in various industries but are computationally intractable due to their NP-hard nature. Neural Combinatorial Optimization methods leverage machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Imanol Echeverria , Maialen Murua , Roberto Santana

Neural Combinatorial Optimization approaches have recently leveraged the expressiveness and flexibility of deep neural networks to learn efficient heuristics for hard Combinatorial Optimization (CO) problems. However, most of the current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Sahil Manchanda , Sofia Michel , Darko Drakulic , Jean-Marc Andreoli

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance in recent years but are fundamentally limited by the underlying training data. To improve models beyond the training data, recent works have explored how LLMs can be used to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Vighnesh Subramaniam , Yilun Du , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Antonio Torralba , Shuang Li , Igor Mordatch

Neural combinatorial optimization (NCO) has gained significant attention due to the potential of deep learning to efficiently solve combinatorial optimization problems. NCO has been widely applied to job shop scheduling problems (JSPs) with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Igor G. Smit , Yaoxin Wu , Pavel Troubil , Yingqian Zhang , Wim P. M. Nuijten

A variety of cooperative multi-agent control problems require agents to achieve individual goals while contributing to collective success. This multi-goal multi-agent setting poses difficulties for recent algorithms, which primarily target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Jiachen Yang , Alireza Nakhaei , David Isele , Kikuo Fujimura , Hongyuan Zha

Cooperative problems under continuous control have always been the focus of multi-agent reinforcement learning. Existing algorithms suffer from the problem of uneven learning degree with the increase of the number of agents. In this paper,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-07-05 Kai Liu , Yuyang Zhao , Gang Wang , Bei Peng

Efficiently training a multi-task neural solver for various combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) has been less studied so far. Naive application of conventional multi-task learning approaches often falls short in delivering a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chenguang Wang , Zhang-Hua Fu , Pinyan Lu , Tianshu Yu
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