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Related papers: PromptLocate: Localizing Prompt Injection Attacks

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LLM-powered applications routinely embed secrets in system prompts, yet models can be tricked into revealing them. We built an adaptive attacker that evolves its strategies over hundreds of rounds and tested it against nine defense…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Priyal Deep , Shane Emmons , Amy Fox , Kyle Bacon , Kelley McAllister , Peter Ortiz , Krisztian Flautner

Many Large Language Models (LLMs) and LLM-powered apps deployed today use some form of prompt filter or alignment to protect their integrity. However, these measures aren't foolproof. This paper introduces KROP, a prompt injection technique…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Jason Martin , Kenneth Yeung

The large language models have achieved superior performance on various natural language tasks. One major drawback of such approaches is they are resource-intensive in fine-tuning new datasets. Soft-prompt tuning presents a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Guoxin Chen , Yiming Qian , Bowen Wang , Liangzhi Li

Prompt injection attacks pose a critical threat to large language models (LLMs), with prior work focusing on cutting-edge LLM applications like personal copilots. In contrast, simpler LLM applications, such as customer service chatbots, are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yigitcan Kaya , Anton Landerer , Stijn Pletinckx , Michelle Zimmermann , Christopher Kruegel , Giovanni Vigna

Prompting has become a practical method for utilizing pre-trained language models (LMs). This approach offers several advantages. It allows an LM to adapt to new tasks with minimal training and parameter updates, thus achieving efficiency…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-26 Kai-Wei Chang , Haibin Wu , Yu-Kai Wang , Yuan-Kuei Wu , Hua Shen , Wei-Cheng Tseng , Iu-thing Kang , Shang-Wen Li , Hung-yi Lee

Answering multi-hop reasoning questions requires retrieving and synthesizing information from diverse sources. Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle to perform such reasoning consistently. Here we propose an approach to pinpoint and rectify…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Mansi Sakarvadia , Aswathy Ajith , Arham Khan , Daniel Grzenda , Nathaniel Hudson , André Bauer , Kyle Chard , Ian Foster

As LLMs are increasingly integrated into systems that browse, retrieve, summarize, and act on web content, webpages have become an untrusted input vector for downstream model behavior. This enables site owners, contributors, and adversaries…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Soheil Khodayari , Xuenan Zhang , Bhupendra Acharya , Giancarlo Pellegrino

Prompt-based learning paradigm bridges the gap between pre-training and fine-tuning, and works effectively under the few-shot setting. However, we find that this learning paradigm inherits the vulnerability from the pre-training stage,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Lei Xu , Yangyi Chen , Ganqu Cui , Hongcheng Gao , Zhiyuan Liu

Recent advancements have led to the widespread adoption of code-oriented large language models (Code LLMs) for programming tasks. Despite their success in deployment, their security research is left far behind. This paper introduces a new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Yuchen Yang , Yiming Li , Hongwei Yao , Bingrun Yang , Yiling He , Tianwei Zhang , Dacheng Tao , Zhan Qin

Hidden LLM prompts have appeared in online documents with increasing frequency. Their goal is to trigger indirect prompt injection attacks while remaining undetected from human oversight, to manipulate LLM-powered automated document…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Toby Murray

Developing effective prompts demands significant cognitive investment to generate reliable, high-quality responses from Large Language Models (LLMs). By deploying case-specific prompt engineering techniques that streamline frequently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Valentin Romanov , Steven A Niederer

Task-generic promptable image segmentation aims to achieve segmentation of diverse samples under a single task description by utilizing only one task-generic prompt. Current methods leverage the generalization capabilities of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Jian Hu , Zixu Cheng , Shaogang Gong

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into the scientific peer-review process, raising new questions about their reliability and resilience to manipulation. In this work, we investigate the potential for hidden…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Matteo Gioele Collu , Umberto Salviati , Roberto Confalonieri , Mauro Conti , Giovanni Apruzzese

Language model inversion seeks to recover hidden prompts using only language model outputs. This capability has implications for security and accountability in language model deployments, such as leaking private information from an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Murtaza Nazir , Matthew Finlayson , John X. Morris , Xiang Ren , Swabha Swayamdipta

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly equipped with capabilities of real-time web search and integrated with protocols like Model Context Protocol (MCP). This extension could introduce new security vulnerabilities. We present a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Junjie Xiong , Changjia Zhu , Shuhang Lin , Chong Zhang , Yongfeng Zhang , Yao Liu , Lingyao Li

Segment Anything Models (SAMs) like SEEM and SAM have demonstrated great potential in learning to segment anything. The core design of SAMs lies with Promptable Segmentation, which takes a handcrafted prompt as input and returns the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Jiaxing Huang , Kai Jiang , Jingyi Zhang , Han Qiu , Lewei Lu , Shijian Lu , Eric Xing

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4o into robotic systems represents a significant advancement in embodied artificial intelligence. These models can process multi-modal prompts, enabling them to generate more…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Wenxiao Zhang , Xiangrui Kong , Conan Dewitt , Thomas Braunl , Jin B. Hong

Watermarking the outputs of large language models (LLMs) is critical for provenance tracing, content regulation, and model accountability. Existing approaches often rely on access to model internals or are constrained by static rules and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Agnibh Dasgupta , Abdullah Tanvir , Xin Zhong

Probing the multilingual knowledge of linguistic structure in LLMs, often characterized as sequence labeling, faces challenges with maintaining output templates in current text-to-text prompting strategies. To solve this, we introduce a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Ercong Nie , Shuzhou Yuan , Bolei Ma , Helmut Schmid , Michael Färber , Frauke Kreuter , Hinrich Schütze

Prompt injection attacks pose a critical threat to large language models (LLMs), enabling goal hijacking and data leakage. Prompt guard models, though effective in defense, suffer from over-defense -- falsely flagging benign inputs as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Hao Li , Xiaogeng Liu