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For any video codecs, the coding efficiency highly relies on whether the current signal to be encoded can find the relevant contexts from the previous reconstructed signals. Traditional codec has verified more contexts bring substantial…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-15 Jiahao Li , Bin Li , Yan Lu

Program semantics learning is the core and fundamental for various code intelligent tasks e.g., vulnerability detection, clone detection. A considerable amount of existing works propose diverse approaches to learn the program semantics for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Jing Kai Siow , Shangqing Liu , Xiaofei Xie , Guozhu Meng , Yang Liu

Code completion, which aims to predict the following code token(s) according to the code context, can improve the productivity of software development. Recent work has proved that statistical language modeling with transformers can greatly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Shuai Lu , Nan Duan , Hojae Han , Daya Guo , Seung-won Hwang , Alexey Svyatkovskiy

Source code summarizing is a task of writing short, natural language descriptions of source code behavior during run time. Such summaries are extremely useful for software development and maintenance but are expensive to manually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-03 Vivek Gupta

Source code summaries are short natural language descriptions of code snippets that help developers better understand and maintain source code. There has been a surge of work on automatic code summarization to reduce the burden of writing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Yanlin Wang , Ensheng Shi , Lun Du , Xiaodi Yang , Yuxuan Hu , Shi Han , Hongyu Zhang , Dongmei Zhang

This dissertation establishes the contexture theory to mathematically characterize the mechanism of representation learning, or pretraining. Despite the remarkable empirical success of foundation models, it is not very clear what…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Runtian Zhai

Source code clones pose risks ranging from intellectual property violations to unintended vulnerabilities. Effective and efficient scalable clone detection, especially for diverged clones, remains challenging. Large language models (LLMs)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Muslim Chochlov , Gul Aftab Ahmed , James Vincent Patten , Yuanhua Han , Guoxian Lu , David Gregg , Jim Buckley

Contextual embeddings generated by LLMs exhibit strong positional inductive biases, which can limit their ability to fully capture long-range, order-sensitive dependencies in highly structured source code. Consequently, how to further…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Md Mostafizer Rahman , Ariful Islam Shiplu , Yutaka Watanobe , Md Faizul Ibne Amin , Syed Rameez Naqvi , Fang Liu

We propose a new architecture for adapting a sentence-level sequence-to-sequence transformer by incorporating multiple pretrained document context signals and assess the impact on translation performance of (1) different pretraining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Domenic Donato , Lei Yu , Chris Dyer

Performing data augmentation for learning deep neural networks is well known to be important for training visual recognition systems. By artificially increasing the number of training examples, it helps reducing overfitting and improves…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-20 Nikita Dvornik , Julien Mairal , Cordelia Schmid

Modern machine learning models typically represent inputs as fixed points in a high-dimensional embedding space. While this approach has been proven powerful for a wide range of downstream tasks, it fundamentally differs from the way humans…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Frieda Born , Tom Neuhäuser , Lukas Muttenthaler , Brett D. Roads , Bernhard Spitzer , Andrew K. Lampinen , Matt Jones , Klaus-Robert Müller , Michael C. Mozer

Large-scale source-code clone detection is a challenging task. In our previous work, we proposed an approach (SSCD) that leverages artificial neural networks and approximates nearest neighbour search to effectively and efficiently locate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Gul Aftab Ahmed , James Vincent Patten , Yuanhua Han , Guoxian Lu , David Gregg , Jim Buckley , Muslim Chochlov

Efficiently representing source code is crucial for various software engineering tasks such as code classification and clone detection. Existing approaches primarily use Abstract Syntax Tree (AST), and only a few focus on semantic graphs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Karthik Chandra Swarna , Noble Saji Mathews , Dheeraj Vagavolu , Sridhar Chimalakonda

There are several approaches for encoding source code in the input vectors of neural models. These approaches attempt to include various syntactic and semantic features of input programs in their encoding. In this paper, we investigate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Md Rafiqul Islam Rabin , Mohammad Amin Alipour

Previous research on code intelligence usually trains a deep learning model on a fixed dataset in an offline manner. However, in real-world scenarios, new code repositories emerge incessantly, and the carried new knowledge is beneficial for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Shuzheng Gao , Hongyu Zhang , Cuiyun Gao , Chaozheng Wang

Code clones are pairs of code snippets that implement similar functionality. Clone detection is a fundamental branch of automatic source code comprehension, having many applications in refactoring recommendation, plagiarism detection, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Maksim Zubkov , Egor Spirin , Egor Bogomolov , Timofey Bryksin

Code summarization has emerged as a fundamental technique in the field of program comprehension. While code language models have shown significant advancements, the current models and benchmarks are confined to high-readability code, which…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Wenhao Zeng , Yitian Chai , Hao Zhou , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Xiaodong Gu

Automatically predicting how difficult it is for humans to understand a code snippet can assist developers in tasks like deciding when and where to refactor. Despite many proposed code comprehensibility metrics, studies have shown they…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Nadeeshan De Silva , Martin Kellogg , Oscar Chaparro

Abridged: Programmer attention represents the visual focus of programmers on parts of the source code in pursuit of programming tasks. We conducted an in-depth human study with 10 Java programmers, where each programmer generated summaries…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Robert Wallace , Aakash Bansal , Zachary Karas , Ningzhi Tang , Yu Huang , Toby Jia-Jun Li , Collin McMillan

Source code summarization of a subroutine is the task of writing a short, natural language description of that subroutine. The description usually serves in documentation aimed at programmers, where even brief phrase (e.g. "compresses data…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Aakash Bansal , Sakib Haque , Collin McMillan