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Signed networks appear naturally in contexts where conflict or animosity is apparent. In this book chapter we review some of the literature on signed networks, especially in the context of partitioning. Most of the work is founded in what…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-03-07 V. A. Traag , P. Doreian , A. Mrvar

We show how to define invariants of graphs related to quantum $\mathfrak{sl}(2)$ when the graph has more then one connected component and components are colored by blocks of representations with zero quantum dimensions.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2015-05-13 Nathan Geer , Nicolai Reshetikhin

The objects of our study are webs in the geometry of volume-preserving diffeomorphisms. We introduce two local invariants of divergence-free webs: a differential one, directly related to the curvature of the natural connection of a…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2023-08-02 Wojciech Domitrz , Marcin Zubilewicz

Network generators that capture the Internet's large-scale topology are crucial for the development of efficient routing protocols and modeling Internet traffic. Our ability to design realistic generators is limited by the incomplete…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 Soon-Hyung Yook , Hawoong Jeong , Albert-Laszlo Barabasi

We examine the use of string diagrams and the mathematics of category theory in the description of quantum states by tensor networks. This approach lead to a unification of several ideas, as well as several results and methods that have not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Jacob D. Biamonte , Stephen R. Clark , Dieter Jaksch

The dominant paradigm for learning on graph-structured data is message passing. Despite being a strong inductive bias, the local message passing mechanism suffers from pathological issues such as over-smoothing, over-squashing, and limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Jacob Bamberger , Federico Barbero , Xiaowen Dong , Michael M. Bronstein

A graphical model is a statistical model that is associated to a graph whose nodes correspond to variables of interest. The edges of the graph reflect allowed conditional dependencies among the variables. Graphical models admit…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-06-09 Mathias Drton , Marloes H. Maathuis

The Brownian Web (BW) is the random network formally consisting of the paths of coalescing one-dimensional Brownian motions starting from every space-time point in ${\mathbb R}\times{\mathbb R}$. We extend the earlier work of Arratia and of…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 L. R. G. Fontes , M. Isopi , C. M. Newman , K. Ravishankar

Quantum networks are composed of quantum nodes that interact coherently by way of quantum channels and open a broad frontier of scientific opportunities. For example, a quantum network can serve as a `web' for connecting quantum processors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-10-31 K. S. Choi , A. Goban , S. B. Papp , S. J. van Enk , H. J. Kimble

Phylogenetic networks are becoming of increasing interest to evolutionary biologists due to their ability to capture complex non-treelike evolutionary processes. From a combinatorial point of view, such networks are certain types of rooted…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-21 Katharina T. Huber , Guillaume E. Scholz

Networks are one of the most powerful structures for modeling problems in the real world. Downstream machine learning tasks defined on networks have the potential to solve a variety of problems. With link prediction, for instance, one can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Nino Arsov , Georgina Mirceva

A family of algebraic curves covering a projective variety $X$ is called a web of curves on $X$ if it has only finitely many members through a general point of $X$. A web of curves on $X$ induces a web-structure, in the sense of local…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2017-03-01 Jun-Muk Hwang

This paper is a self-contained development of an invariant of graphs embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space using the Jones polynomial and skein theory. Some examples of the invariant are computed. An unlinked embedded graph is one…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 John W. Barrett

Rooted acyclic graphs appear naturally when the phylogenetic relationship of a set $X$ of taxa involves not only speciations but also recombination, horizontal transfer, or hybridization, that cannot be captured by trees. A variety of…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-04-29 Marc Hellmuth , David Schaller , Peter F. Stadler

Topological invariants such as winding numbers and linking numbers appear as charges of topological solitons in diverse nonlinear physical systems described by a unit vector field defined on two and three dimensional manifolds. While the…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2024-01-23 Radha Balakrishnan , Rossen Dandoloff , Avadh Saxena

We give various results and applications using the connection $(E,\nabla)$ associated with a $d$-web. Precisely, we exhibit fundamental invariants of the web related to the differential equation of first order which presents the web. They…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Olivier Ripoll

Much of the past work in network analysis has focused on analyzing discrete graphs, where binary edges represent the "presence" or "absence" of a relationship. Since traditional network measures (e.g., betweenness centrality) utilize a…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2011-04-05 Joseph J. Pfeiffer , Jennifer Neville

We prove `twisted' versions of Kirchhoff's network theorem and Kirchhoff's matrix-tree theorem on connected finite graphs. Twisting here refers to chains with coefficients in a flat unitary line bundle.

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2013-06-11 Michael J. Catanzaro , Vladimir Y. Chernyak , John R. Klein

Quantum invariants like the colored Jones polynomial are algebraic in nature but are conjectured to detect important information about the geometry of links. In this thesis we explore these connections using an enhanced version of the RT…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2021-05-12 Calvin McPhail-Snyder

Quantum phases can be classified by topological invariants, which take on discrete values capturing global information about the quantum state. Over the past decades, these invariants have come to play a central role in describing matter,…