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Explication and reflection on expert vs. novice considerations within the problem-solving process characterize a cognitive apprenticeship approach for the development of expert-like problem solving practices. In the context of grading, a…

Physics Education · Physics 2017-01-06 Edit Yerushalmi , Ryan Sayer , Emily Marshman , Charles Henderson , Chandralekha Singh

In reinforcement learning episodes, the rewards and punishments are often non-deterministic, and there are invariably stochastic elements governing the underlying situation. Such stochastic elements are often numerous and cannot be known in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-13 Nikki Lijing Kuang , Clement H. C. Leung , Vienne W. K. Sung

Search engines are considered the primary tool to assist and empower learners in finding information relevant to their learning goals-be it learning something new, improving their existing skills, or just fulfilling a curiosity. While…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Arthur Câmara , Nirmal Roy , David Maxwell , Claudia Hauff

Learned representations in deep reinforcement learning (DRL) have to extract task-relevant information from complex observations, balancing between robustness to distraction and informativeness to the policy. Such stable and rich…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Mete Kemertas , Tristan Aumentado-Armstrong

This paper introduces a new spreadsheet tool for adoption by high school or college level physics teachers who use common assessments in a pre-instruction/post-instruction mode to diagnose student learning and teaching effectiveness. The…

Physics Education · Physics 2017-03-14 Gary A. Morris , Paul J. Walter , Spencer Skees , Samantha Schwartz

Studying worked examples has been shown by extensive research to be an effective method for learning to solve well-structured problems in physics and mathematics. The effectiveness of learning with worked examples has been demonstrated and…

Physics Education · Physics 2023-07-13 Philipp Scheiger , Ronny Nawrodt , Holger Cartarius

Kickstarting deep reinforcement learning algorithms facilitate a teacher-student relationship among the agents and allow for a well-performing teacher to share demonstrations with a student to expedite the student's training. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Parham Gohari , Bo Chen , Bo Wu , Matthew Hale , Ufuk Topcu

For several decades, scholars have studied cooperation and its outcomes in the educational context. Yet, we lack a complete understanding of how different instructional strategies impact the relationship between cooperation and learning.…

Physics Education · Physics 2020-07-01 Javier Pulgar , Cristian Candia , Paul Leonardi

Parallel stochastic gradient methods are gaining prominence in solving large-scale machine learning problems that involve data distributed across multiple nodes. However, obtaining unbiased stochastic gradients, which have been the focus of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Ali Beikmohammadi , Sarit Khirirat , Sindri Magnússon

In response to national calls to better align physics laboratory courses with the way physicists engage in research, we have developed an epistemology and expectations survey to assess how students perceive the nature of physics experiments…

Physics Education · Physics 2015-06-17 Benjamin M. Zwickl , Takako Hirokawa , Noah Finkelstein , H. J. Lewandowski

Motivated by the need to address the degeneracy of canonical Laplace learning algorithms in low label rates, we propose to reformulate graph-based semi-supervised learning as a nonconvex generalization of a \emph{Trust-Region Subproblem}…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Chester Holtz , Pengwen Chen , Alexander Cloninger , Chung-Kuan Cheng , Gal Mishne

Research-validated multiple-choice questions comprise an easy-to-implement instructional tool that serves to scaffold student learning and formatively assess students knowledge. We present findings from the implementation, in consecutive…

Physics Education · Physics 2024-02-29 Peter Hu , Yangqiuting Li , Chandralekha Singh

The dictionary learning problem, representing data as a combination of a few atoms, has long stood as a popular method for learning representations in statistics and signal processing. The most popular dictionary learning algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Bahareh Tolooshams , Demba Ba

The lock-in amplifier is a versatile instrument frequently used in physics research. However, many students struggle with the basic operating principles of a lock-in amplifier which can lead to a variety of difficulties. To improve…

Physics Education · Physics 2016-01-07 Seth DeVore , Alexandre Gauthier , Jeremy Levy , Chandralekha Singh

Representation learning and unsupervised skill discovery can allow robots to acquire diverse and reusable behaviors without the need for task-specific rewards. In this work, we use unsupervised reinforcement learning to learn a latent…

In the U.S., introductory calculus-based courses often acts as a gatekeeper to STEM degrees. But access to the prerequisite math is far from equal--students from low-income and racially marginalized communities are far less likely to have…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-08-04 Suzanne White Brahmia , Geraldine L. Cochran

This paper explores the pedagogical potential of "teacher pre-prompting" as a means of guiding student collaboration in programming education. In particular, we investigate how brief teacher-initiated questions posed before students engage…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Johan Petersson

Computer-based learning platforms (CBLPs) have become a common medium in schools, transforming how students learn and interact with educational content. However, researchers still lack adequate tools to address the diverse set of challenges…

Disentangled representation learning offers useful properties such as dimension reduction and interpretability, which are essential to modern deep learning approaches. Although deep learning techniques have been widely applied to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Sichen Zhao , Wei Shao , Jeffrey Chan , Flora D. Salim

Identifying latent state representations and dynamics is essential when direct modeling in observation space is infeasible, particularly under partial and high-dimensional observations. In such settings, representation learning and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Peilun Li , Kaiyuan Tan , Daniel Moyer , Thomas Beckers