English
Related papers

Related papers: PHANTOM RECALL: When Familiar Puzzles Fool Smart M…

200 papers

In this paper, we investigate whether Large Language Models (LLMs) actively recall or retrieve their internal repositories of factual knowledge when faced with reasoning tasks. Through an analysis of LLMs' internal factual recall at each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Yifei Wang , Yuheng Chen , Wanting Wen , Yu Sheng , Linjing Li , Daniel Dajun Zeng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in manipulating natural language across multiple applications, but their ability to handle simple reasoning tasks is often questioned. In this work, we aim to provide a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Alessandro Raganato , Rafael Peñaloza , Marco Viviani , Gabriella Pasi

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has emerged as a foundational technique for eliciting reasoning from Large Language Models (LLMs), yet the robustness of this approach to corruptions in intermediate reasoning steps remains poorly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Ashwath Vaithinathan Aravindan , Mayank Kejriwal

Large language models (LLMs) solve complex problems yet fail on simpler variants, suggesting they achieve correct outputs through mechanisms fundamentally different from human reasoning. To understand this gap, we synthesize cognitive…

Despite the recent success of large language models (LLMs) in reasoning such as DeepSeek, we for the first time identify a key dilemma in reasoning robustness and generalization: significant performance degradation on novel or incomplete…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Tong Yu , Yongcheng Jing , Xikun Zhang , Wentao Jiang , Wenjie Wu , Yingjie Wang , Wenbin Hu , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

Large Language Models (LLMs) suffer from critical reasoning gaps, including a tendency to hallucinate and poor accuracy in classifying logical fallacies. This limitation stems from their default System 1 processing, which is fast and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Olivia Peiyu Wang , Tashvi Bansal , Ryan Bai , Emily M. Chui , Leilani H. Gilpin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are often evaluated against ideals of perfect Bayesian inference, yet growing evidence suggests that their in-context reasoning exhibits systematic forgetting of past information. Rather than viewing this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Alexandros Christoforos

Algorithmic reasoning is a fundamental cognitive ability that plays a pivotal role in problem-solving and decision-making processes. Reinforcement Learning (RL) has demonstrated remarkable proficiency in tasks such as motor control,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Benjamin Estermann , Luca A. Lanzendörfer , Yannick Niedermayr , Roger Wattenhofer

With the development of large language models (LLMs) like the GPT series, their widespread use across various application scenarios presents a myriad of challenges. This review initially explores the issue of domain specificity, where LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Xiaoliang Chen , Liangbin Li , Le Chang , Yunhe Huang , Yuxuan Zhao , Yuxiao Zhang , Dinuo Li

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated solid zero-shot reasoning capabilities, which is reflected in their performance on the current test tasks. This calls for a more challenging benchmark requiring highly advanced reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Maksym Del , Mark Fishel

Large reasoning models (LRMs) exhibit unprecedented capabilities in solving complex problems through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. However, recent studies reveal that their final answers often contradict their own reasoning traces. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yuhui Wang , Changjiang Li , Guangke Chen , Jiacheng Liang , Ting Wang

In Large Language Models (LLMs), there have been consistent advancements in task-specific performance, largely influenced by effective prompt design. Recent advancements in prompting have enhanced reasoning in logic-intensive tasks for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Yuqing Wang , Yun Zhao

There is a growing literature on reasoning by large language models (LLMs), but the discussion on the uncertainty in their responses is still lacking. Our aim is to assess the extent of confidence that LLMs have in their answers and how it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Yudi Pawitan , Chris Holmes

Recently developed large language models (LLMs) have been shown to perform remarkably well on a wide range of language understanding tasks. But, can they really "reason" over the natural language? This question has been receiving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Mihir Parmar , Nisarg Patel , Neeraj Varshney , Mutsumi Nakamura , Man Luo , Santosh Mashetty , Arindam Mitra , Chitta Baral

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly reach real-world applications, necessitating a better understanding of their behaviour. Their size and complexity complicate traditional assessment methods, causing the emergence of alternative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Sanne Peereboom , Inga Schwabe , Bennett Kleinberg

Causal reasoning is a core component of intelligence. Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in generating human-like text, raising questions about whether their responses reflect true understanding or statistical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Hanna M. Dettki , Brenden M. Lake , Charley M. Wu , Bob Rehder

The development of highly fluent large language models (LLMs) has prompted increased interest in assessing their reasoning and problem-solving capabilities. We investigate whether several LLMs can solve a classic type of deductive reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Spencer M. Seals , Valerie L. Shalin

This study investigates whether large language models, specifically GPT4, can match human capabilities in analogical reasoning within strategic decision making contexts. Using a novel experimental design involving source to target matching,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Phanish Puranam , Prothit Sen , Maciej Workiewicz

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP), particularly in Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks. As we progress toward an agentic world where LLM-based agents autonomously handle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Naimul Haque

Do large language models (LLMs) display rational reasoning? LLMs have been shown to contain human biases due to the data they have been trained on; whether this is reflected in rational reasoning remains less clear. In this paper, we answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Olivia Macmillan-Scott , Mirco Musolesi