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This paper proposes an open source visual analytics tool consisting of several views and perspectives on eye movement data collected during code reading tasks when writing computer programs. Hence the focus of this work is on code and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Ayush Kumar , Ashish Kumar , Aakanksha Prasad , Michael Burch , Shenghui Cheng , Klaus Mueller

Existing work on software patches often use features specific to a single task. These works often rely on manually identified features, and human effort is required to identify these features for each task. In this work, we propose CC2Vec,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-03-13 Thong Hoang , Hong Jin Kang , Julia Lawall , David Lo

Readers can have different goals with respect to the text that they are reading. Can these goals be decoded from their eye movements over the text? In this work, we examine for the first time whether it is possible to distinguish between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Omer Shubi , Cfir Avraham Hadar , Yevgeni Berzak

We present a neural model for representing snippets of code as continuous distributed vectors ("code embeddings"). The main idea is to represent a code snippet as a single fixed-length $\textit{code vector}$, which can be used to predict…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Uri Alon , Meital Zilberstein , Omer Levy , Eran Yahav

Can human reading comprehension be assessed from eye movements in reading? In this work, we address this longstanding question using large-scale eyetracking data over textual materials that are geared towards behavioral analyses of reading…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Omer Shubi , Yoav Meiri , Cfir Avraham Hadar , Yevgeni Berzak

Eye-tracking has potential to provide rich behavioral data about human cognition in ecologically valid environments. However, analyzing this rich data is often challenging. Most automated analyses are specific to simplistic artificial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Karan Uppal , Jaeah Kim , Shashank Singh

Be it your favorite novel, a newswire article, a cooking recipe or an academic paper -- in many daily situations we read the same text more than once. In this work, we ask whether it is possible to automatically determine whether the reader…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yoav Meiri , Omer Shubi , Cfir Avraham Hadar , Ariel Kreisberg Nitzav , Yevgeni Berzak

In the study of reading, eye-tracking technology offers unique insights into the time-course of how individuals extract information from text. A significant hurdle in using multi-line paragraph stimuli is the need to align eye gaze position…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Thomas M. Mercier , Marcin Budka , Bernhard Angele , Martin R. Vasilev , Timothy J. Slattery , Julie A Kirkby

While theories postulating a dual cognitive system take hold, quantitative confirmations are still needed to understand and identify interactions between the two systems or conflict events. Eye movements are among the most direct markers of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-02-27 Alessandro Rossi , Sara Ermini , Dario Bernabini , Dario Zanca , Marino Todisco , Alessandro Genovese , Antonio Rizzo

Eye-tracking analysis plays a vital role in medical imaging, providing key insights into how radiologists visually interpret and diagnose clinical cases. In this work, we first analyze radiologists' attention and agreement by measuring the…

Eye movements during reading offer insights into both the reader's cognitive processes and the characteristics of the text that is being read. Hence, the analysis of scanpaths in reading have attracted increasing attention across fields,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Shuwen Deng , David R. Reich , Paul Prasse , Patrick Haller , Tobias Scheffer , Lena A. Jäger

Process models depict crucial artifacts for organizations regarding documentation, communication, and collaboration. The proper comprehension of such models is essential for an effective application. An important aspect in process model…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Michael Winter , Heiko Neumann , Rüdiger Pryss , Thomas Probst , Manfred Reichert

Program comprehension is a dominant process in software development and maintenance. Experts are considered to comprehend the source code efficiently by directing their gaze, or attention, to important components in it. However, reflecting…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Takeshi D. Itoh , Takatomi Kubo , Kiyoka Ikeda , Yuki Maruno , Yoshiharu Ikutani , Hideaki Hata , Kenichi Matsumoto , Kazushi Ikeda

Eye gaze is considered an important indicator for understanding and predicting user behaviour, as well as directing their attention across various domains including advertisement design, human-computer interaction and film viewing. In this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Karolina Trajkovska , Matjaž Kljun , Klen Čopič Pucihar

With the recent success of embeddings in natural language processing, research has been conducted into applying similar methods to code analysis. Most works attempt to process the code directly or use a syntactic tree representation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-30 Tal Ben-Nun , Alice Shoshana Jakobovits , Torsten Hoefler

In an effort to understand the meaning of the intermediate representations captured by deep networks, recent papers have tried to associate specific semantic concepts to individual neural network filter responses, where interesting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-30 Ruth Fong , Andrea Vedaldi

Eye-tracking-while-reading corpora are a valuable resource for many different disciplines and use cases. Use cases range from studying the cognitive processes underlying reading to machine-learning-based applications, such as gaze-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Deborah N. Jakobi , David R. Reich , Paul Prasse , Jana M. Hofmann , Lena S. Bolliger , Lena A. Jäger

In Interactive Information Retrieval (IIR) experiments the user's gaze motion on web pages is often recorded with eye tracking. The data is used to analyze gaze behavior or to identify Areas of Interest (AOI) the user has looked at. So far,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-02-13 Daniel Hienert , Dagmar Kern , Matthew Mitsui , Chirag Shah , Nicholas J. Belkin

This paper launches a new effort at modeling programmer attention by predicting eye movement scanpaths. Programmer attention refers to what information people intake when performing programming tasks. Models of programmer attention refer to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Aakash Bansal , Chia-Yi Su , Zachary Karas , Yifan Zhang , Yu Huang , Toby Jia-Jun Li , Collin McMillan

When reading, we often have specific information that interests us in a text. For example, you might be reading this paper because you are curious about LLMs for eye movements in reading, the experimental design, or perhaps you wonder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Cfir Avraham Hadar , Omer Shubi , Yoav Meiri , Amit Heshes , Yevgeni Berzak
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