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In microscopy image cell segmentation, it is common to train a deep neural network on source data, containing different types of microscopy images, and then fine-tune it using a support set comprising a few randomly selected and annotated…

The chest X-rays (CXRs) is one of the views most commonly ordered by radiologists (NHS),which is critical for diagnosis of many different thoracic diseases. Accurately detecting thepresence of multiple diseases from CXRs is still a…

In recent literature, few-shot classification has predominantly been defined by the N-way k-shot meta-learning problem. Models designed for this purpose are usually trained to excel on standard benchmarks following a restricted setup,…

Extreme multilabel classification (XMLC) problems occur in settings such as related product recommendation, large-scale document tagging, or ad prediction, and are characterized by a label space that can span millions of possible labels.…

Recent advances in training deep learning models have demonstrated the potential to provide accurate chest X-ray interpretation and increase access to radiology expertise. However, poor generalization due to data distribution shifts in…

Despite the ample availability of graph data, obtaining vertex labels is a tedious and expensive task. Therefore, it is desirable to learn from a few labeled vertices only. Existing few-shot learners assume a class oracle, which provides…

The development of successful artificial intelligence models for chest X-ray analysis relies on large, diverse datasets with high-quality annotations. While several databases of chest X-ray images have been released, most include disease…

Annotating data for multi-label classification is prohibitively expensive because every category of interest must be confirmed to be present or absent. Recent work on single positive multi-label (SPML) learning shows that it is possible to…

Background and objective: Cell-level pathological image analysis requires working with extremely small image patches (40x40 pixels), far below standard ImageNet resolutions. It remains unclear whether modern deep learning architectures and…

The Vision-Language Foundation model is increasingly investigated in the fields of computer vision and natural language processing, yet its exploration in ophthalmology and broader medical applications remains limited. The challenge is the…

Although deep learning models for chest X-ray interpretation are commonly trained on labels generated by automatic radiology report labelers, the impact of improvements in report labeling on the performance of chest X-ray classification…

This paper proposes a novel training scheme for fast matching models in Search Ads, which is motivated by the real challenges in model training. The first challenge stems from the pursuit of high throughput, which prohibits the deployment…

Compared with multi-class classification, multi-label classification that contains more than one class is more suitable in real life scenarios. Obtaining fully labeled high-quality datasets for multi-label classification problems, however,…

Chest X-ray imaging remains the primary diagnostic tool for pulmonary and cardiac disorders worldwide, yet its accuracy is hampered by radiologist shortages and inter-observer variability. This study presents a systematic comparative…

Foundation models provide robust embeddings for diverse tasks, including medical imaging. We evaluate embeddings from seven general and medical-specific foundation models (e.g., DenseNet121, BiomedCLIP, MedImageInsight, Rad-DINO,…

Classical noisy-label theory predicts that downstream performance under weak supervision is bounded above by the labeler's accuracy, implying a sharp crossover: once a gold-trained classifier matches the labeler, weak labels stop helping…

Obtaining datasets labeled to facilitate model development is a challenge for most machine learning tasks. The difficulty is heightened for medical imaging, where data itself is limited in accessibility and labeling requires costly time and…

Deep learning models were frequently reported to learn from shortcuts like dataset biases. As deep learning is playing an increasingly important role in the modern healthcare system, it is of great need to combat shortcut learning in…

Weak-label learning is a challenging task that requires learning from data "bags" containing positive and negative instances, but only the bag labels are known. The pool of negative instances is usually larger than positive instances, thus…

Overconfidence in deep learning models poses a significant risk in high-stakes medical imaging tasks, particularly in multi-label classification of chest X-rays, where multiple co-occurring pathologies must be detected simultaneously. This…