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In a world where technology is increasingly embedded in our everyday experiences, systems that sense and respond to human emotions are elevating digital interaction. At the intersection of artificial intelligence and human-computer…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Karishma Hegde , Hemadri Jayalath

World Models serve as tools for understanding the current state of the world and predicting its future dynamics, with broad application potential across numerous fields. As a key component of world knowledge, emotion significantly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Changhao Song , Yazhou Zhang , Hui Gao , Chang Yang , Peng Zhang

Understanding emotions is a fundamental ability for intelligent systems to be able to interact with humans. Vision-language models (VLMs) have made tremendous progress in the last few years for many visual tasks, potentially offering a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Madhav Agarwal , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris , Laura Sevilla-Lara , Steven McDonagh

Despite displaying semantic competence, large language models' internal mechanisms that ground abstract semantic structure remain insufficiently characterised. We propose a method integrating role-cross minimal pairs, temporal emergence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Nura Aljaafari , Danilo S. Carvalho , André Freitas

This paper provides a comprehensive survey of sentiment analysis within the context of artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs). Sentiment analysis, a critical aspect of natural language processing (NLP), has evolved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Shailja Gupta , Rajesh Ranjan , Surya Narayan Singh

Recent large language models (LLMs) have made great progress in the field of text-to-speech (TTS), but they still face major challenges in synthesizing fine-grained emotional speech in an interpretable manner. Traditional methods rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Jiaxuan Liu , Yang Xiang , Han Zhao , Xiangang Li , Yingying Gao , Shilei Zhang , Zhenhua Ling

Speech Large Language Models (SLLMs) enable high-level emotion reasoning but often produce ungrounded, text-biased judgments without verifiable acoustic evidence. In contrast, self-supervised speech encoders such as WavLM provide strong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Esther Sun , Bo-Hao Su , Abinay Reddy Naini , Shinji Watanabe , Carlos Busso

Students' academic emotions significantly influence their social behavior and learning performance. Traditional approaches to automatically and accurately analyze these emotions have predominantly relied on supervised machine learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Deliang Wang , Chao Yang , Gaowei Chen

Empathetic response generation endows agents with the capability to comprehend dialogue contexts and react to expressed emotions. Previous works predominantly focus on leveraging the speaker's emotional labels, but ignore the importance of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Xinhao Chen , Chong Yang , Man Lan , Li Cai , Yang Chen , Tu Hu , Xinlin Zhuang , Aimin Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) have made significant progress in Emotional Intelligence (EI) and long-context modeling. However, existing benchmarks often overlook the fact that emotional information processing unfolds as a continuous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Weichu Liu , Jing Xiong , Yuxuan Hu , Zixuan Li , Minghuan Tan , Ningning Mao , Hui Shen , Wendong Xu , Chaofan Tao , Min Yang , Chengming Li , Lingpeng Kong , Ngai Wong

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly positioned as decision engines for hiring, healthcare, and economic judgment, yet real-world human judgment reflects a balance between rational deliberation and emotion-driven bias. If LLMs are…

In-context Learning (ICL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for performing natural language tasks with Large Language Models (LLM) without updating the models' parameters, in contrast to the traditional gradient-based finetuning. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Georgios Chochlakis , Alexandros Potamianos , Kristina Lerman , Shrikanth Narayanan

Emotion classification in text is typically performed with neural network models which learn to associate linguistic units with emotions. While this often leads to good predictive performance, it does only help to a limited degree to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Felix Casel , Amelie Heindl , Roman Klinger

NLP research has increasingly focused on subjective tasks such as emotion analysis. However, existing emotion benchmarks suffer from two major shortcomings: (1) they largely rely on keyword-based emotion recognition, overlooking crucial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Tadesse Destaw Belay , Ahmed Haj Ahmed , Alvin Grissom , Iqra Ameer , Grigori Sidorov , Olga Kolesnikova , Seid Muhie Yimam

We show that emotion vectors in LLMs are organized by a two-dimensional valence-arousal (VA) subspace exhibiting circular geometry. Through principal component decomposition and ridge regression, we recover meaningful VA axes underlying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Lihao Sun , Lewen Yan , Xiaoya Lu , Andrew Lee , Jie Zhang , Jing Shao

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into robotic systems, their potential to generate socially and culturally appropriate affective touch remains largely unexplored. This study investigates whether…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Qiaoqiao Ren , Tony Belpaeme

In this work, we conduct an analysis to examine the consistency of Large Language Models (LLMs) with respect to their own generated responses in an emotionally-driven conversational context. Specifically, the text generated by LLM is framed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Sneha Oram , Ojaswita Bhushan , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Understanding how visual content conveys sentiment is increasingly important in a digital landscape dominated by imagery. However, sentiment perception depends on complex scene-level semantics, making this a challenging task for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Neemias B. da Silva , John Harrison , Rodrigo Minetto , Myriam R. Delgado , Bogdan T. Nassu , Thiago H. Silva

Research increasingly leverages audio-visual materials to analyze emotions in political communication. Multimodal large language models (mLLMs) promise to enable such analyses through in-context learning. However, we lack systematic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Hauke Licht

Controlling the output of Large Language Models (LLMs) through context-sensitive constraints has emerged as a promising approach to overcome the limitations of Context-Free Grammars (CFGs) in guaranteeing generation validity. However, such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mohammad Albinhassan , Pranava Madhyastha , Mark Law , Alessandra Russo