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Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection, aiming to distinguish outliers from known categories, has gained prominence in practical scenarios. Recently, the advent of vision-language models (VLM) has heightened interest in enhancing OOD detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Fanhu Zeng , Zhen Cheng , Fei Zhu , Hongxin Wei , Xu-Yao Zhang

Recent large vision-language models such as CLIP have shown remarkable out-of-distribution (OOD) detection and generalization performance. However, their zero-shot in-distribution (ID) accuracy is often limited for downstream datasets.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Yifei Ming , Yixuan Li

As point cloud data increases in prevalence in a variety of applications, the ability to detect out-of-distribution (OOD) point cloud objects becomes critical for ensuring model safety and reliability. However, this problem remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Adam Goodge , Xun Xu , Bryan Hooi , Wee Siong Ng , Jingyi Liao , Yongyi Su , Xulei Yang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to identify test examples that do not belong to the training distribution and are thus unlikely to be predicted reliably. Despite a plethora of existing works, most of them focused only on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Reza Averly , Wei-Lun Chao

In this work, we study the out-of-distribution (OOD) detection problem through the use of the feature space of a pre-trained deep classifier. We show that learning the density of in-distribution (ID) features with an energy-based models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Marc Lafon , Clément Rambour , Nicolas Thome

The field of object detection and understanding is rapidly evolving, driven by advances in both traditional CNN-based models and emerging multi-modal large language models (LLMs). While CNNs like ResNet and YOLO remain highly effective for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Nirmal Elamon , Rouzbeh Davoudi

Medical vision-language models (Med-VLMs) have shown impressive results in tasks such as report generation and visual question answering, but they still face several limitations. Most notably, they underutilize patient metadata and lack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Fangqi Cheng , Surajit Ray , Xiaochen Yang

Recent research has shown that pre-trained vision-language models are effective at identifying out-of-distribution (OOD) samples by using negative labels as guidance. However, employing consistent negative labels across different OOD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yabin Zhang , Lei Zhang

Text-to-3D generation has advanced rapidly, yet state-of-the-art models, encompassing both optimization-based and feed-forward architectures, still face two fundamental limitations. First, they struggle with coarse semantic alignment, often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Weimin Bai , Yubo Li , Weijian Luo , Zeqiang Lai , Yequan Wang , Wenzheng Chen , He Sun

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs is crucial for the safe deployment of natural language processing (NLP) models. Though existing methods, especially those based on the statistics in the feature space of fine-tuned pre-trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Sishuo Chen , Wenkai Yang , Xiaohan Bi , Xu Sun

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection has emerged as a popular technique to enhance the reliability of machine learning models by identifying unexpected inputs from unknown classes. Recent progress in pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yuanwei Hu , Bo Peng , Yadan Luo , Zhen Fang , Ling Chen , Jie Lu

Traditional object detection systems are typically constrained to predefined categories, limiting their applicability in dynamic environments. In contrast, open-vocabulary object detection (OVD) enables the identification of objects from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Tianyi Zhang , Antoine Simoulin , Kai Li , Sana Lakdawala , Shiqing Yu , Arpit Mittal , Hongyu Fu , Yu Lin

Vision-language object detectors (VLODs) such as YOLO-World and Grounding DINO exhibit strong zero-shot generalization, but their performance degrades under distribution shift. Test-time adaptation (TTA) offers a practical way to adapt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Atif Belal , Heitor R. Medeiros , Marco Pedersoli , Eric Granger

Large vision-language models have achieved outstanding performance, but their size and computational requirements make their deployment on resource-constrained devices and time-sensitive tasks impractical. Model distillation, the process of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Xuanlin Li , Yunhao Fang , Minghua Liu , Zhan Ling , Zhuowen Tu , Hao Su

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is essential when deploying machine learning models in open-world scenarios. Zero-shot OOD detection, requiring no training on in-distribution (ID) data, has been possible with the advent of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Chentao Cao , Zhun Zhong , Zhanke Zhou , Yang Liu , Tongliang Liu , Bo Han

As machine learning models continue to achieve impressive performance across different tasks, the importance of effective anomaly detection for such models has increased as well. It is common knowledge that even well-trained models lose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Ramneet Kaur , Xiayan Ji , Souradeep Dutta , Michele Caprio , Yahan Yang , Elena Bernardis , Oleg Sokolsky , Insup Lee

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong performance across various multimodal tasks, where position encoding plays a vital role in modeling both the sequential structure of textual information and the spatial structure of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Ruoxiang Huang , Xindian Ma , Rundong Kong , Zhen Yuan , Peng Zhang

Vision Large Language Models (VLMs) combine visual understanding with natural language processing, enabling tasks like image captioning, visual question answering, and video analysis. While VLMs show impressive capabilities across domains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Ahmed Sharshar , Latif U. Khan , Waseem Ullah , Mohsen Guizani

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety and reliability of deep neural networks in various applications. While there has been a growing focus on OOD detection in visual data, the field of textual OOD…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Li-Ming Zhan , Bo Liu , Xiao-Ming Wu

Vision-Language models (VLMs) that use contrastive language-image pre-training have shown promising zero-shot classification performance. However, their performance on imbalanced dataset is relatively poor, where the distribution of classes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Yidong Wang , Zhuohao Yu , Jindong Wang , Qiang Heng , Hao Chen , Wei Ye , Rui Xie , Xing Xie , Shikun Zhang
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