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Web agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise for next-generation AI, but their limited reasoning in uncertain, dynamic web environments hinders robust deployment. In this paper, we identify key reasoning skills essential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Minda Hu , Tianqing Fang , Jianshu Zhang , Junyu Ma , Zhisong Zhang , Jingyan Zhou , Hongming Zhang , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu , Irwin King

Large language model (LLM) agents have demonstrated strong capabilities across diverse domains, yet automated agent design remains a significant challenge. Current automated agent design approaches are often constrained by limited search…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Yu Li , Lehui Li , Zhihao Wu , Qingmin Liao , Jianye Hao , Kun Shao , Fengli Xu , Yong Li

The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (CVRPTW) is a classic NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem widely applied in logistics distribution and transportation management. Its complexity stems from the constraints of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Linjiang Cao , Maonan Wang , Xi Xiong

Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable progress in reasoning capabilities through reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR). By leveraging simple rule-based rewards, RL effectively incentivizes LLMs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Shiye Lei , Zhihao Cheng , Kai Jia , Dacheng Tao

Recent advanced LLM-powered agent systems have exhibited their remarkable capabilities in tackling complex, long-horizon tasks. Nevertheless, they still suffer from inherent limitations in resource efficiency, context management, and…

Multi-agent systems using large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various domains. However, current agent communication suffers from verbose output that overload context and increase computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Danqing Wang , Da Yin , Ruta Desai , Lei Li , Asli Celikyilmaz , Ansong Ni

Foundation models face growing compute and memory bottlenecks, hindering deployment on resource-limited platforms. While compression techniques such as pruning and quantization are widely used, most rely on uniform heuristics that ignore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Sadegh Jafari , Aishwarya Sarkar , Mohiuddin Bilwal , Ali Jannesari

Recent advances have showcased the extraordinary capabilities of Large Language Model (LLM) agents in tackling web-based information-seeking tasks. However, existing efforts mainly focus on single-fact retrieval and rely on outcome-only…

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have become powerful backbones for agents to autonomously operate in digital environments like the web and operating systems. However, these models suffer from inadaptability to fast-changing environments like…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Emilien Biré , María Santos , Kai Yuan

LLM-driven multi-agent frameworks address complex reasoning tasks through multi-role collaboration. However, existing approaches often suffer from reasoning instability, where individual agent errors are amplified through collaboration,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Haoyu Bian , Chaoning Zhang , Jiaquan Zhang , Xingyao Li , Yuanfang Guo , Wei Dong , Yang Yang

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) task aims to enable AI agents to accurately understand and follow natural language instructions to navigate through real-world environments, ultimately reaching specific target locations. We recognise a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Qi Chen , Dileepa Pitawela , Chongyang Zhao , Gengze Zhou , Hsiang-Ting Chen , Qi Wu

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) agents are often sensitive to visual changes that were unseen in their training environments. To address this problem, we leverage the sequential nature of RL to learn robust representations that encode…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Jiameng Fan , Wenchao Li

Web agents powered by large language models (LLMs) must process lengthy web page observations to complete user goals; these pages often exceed tens of thousands of tokens. This saturates context limits and increases computational cost…

Deploying large language models (LLMs) in edge-cloud environments requires an efficient routing strategy to balance cost and response quality. Traditional approaches prioritize either human-preference data or accuracy metrics from benchmark…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Tuo Zhang , Asal Mehradfar , Dimitrios Dimitriadis , Salman Avestimehr

In the last few years, compression of deep neural networks has become an important strand of machine learning and computer vision research. Deep models require sizeable computational complexity and storage, when used for instance for Human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Ayush Srivastava , Oshin Dutta , Prathosh AP , Sumeet Agarwal , Jigyasa Gupta

With recent advancements in large language models, web agents have been greatly improved. However, dealing with complex and dynamic web environments requires more advanced planning and search abilities. Previous studies usually adopt a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Zhisong Zhang , Tianqing Fang , Kaixin Ma , Wenhao Yu , Hongming Zhang , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

Autonomous agents capable of planning, reasoning, and executing actions on the web offer a promising avenue for automating computer tasks. However, the majority of existing benchmarks primarily focus on text-based agents, neglecting many…

Agentic AI systems that invoke external tools are powerful but costly, leading developers to default to large models and overspend inference budgets. Model routing can mitigate this, but existing routers are designed for chat completion…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Sharad Agarwal , Pooria Namyar , Alec Wolman , Rahul Ambavat , Ankur Gupta , Qizheng Zhang

Transcending human cognitive limitations represents a critical frontier in LLM training. Proprietary agentic systems like DeepResearch have demonstrated superhuman capabilities on extremely complex information-seeking benchmarks such as…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) significantly improves the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on knowledge-intensive tasks. However, varying response quality across LLMs under RAG necessitates intelligent routing mechanisms,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jiarui Zhang , Xiangyu Liu , Yong Hu , Chaoyue Niu , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen