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We present UncertaintyRAG, a novel approach for long-context Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) that utilizes Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)-based span uncertainty to estimate similarity between text chunks. This span uncertainty enhances…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Zixuan Li , Jing Xiong , Fanghua Ye , Chuanyang Zheng , Xun Wu , Jianqiao Lu , Zhongwei Wan , Xiaodan Liang , Chengming Li , Zhenan Sun , Lingpeng Kong , Ngai Wong

Large Language Models (LLMs) often generate inaccurate responses (hallucinations) when faced with questions beyond their knowledge scope. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this by leveraging external knowledge, but a critical…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Haoxiang Jin , Ronghan Li , Zixiang Lu , Qiguang Miao

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) utilizes retrieved texts to enhance large language models (LLMs). Studies show that while RAG provides valuable external information (benefit), it may also mislead LLMs (detriment) with noisy or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Shicheng Xu , Liang Pang , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems show remarkable potential as question answering tools in the K-12 Education domain, where knowledge is typically queried within the restricted scope of authoritative textbooks. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Tianshi Zheng , Weihan Li , Jiaxin Bai , Weiqi Wang , Yangqiu Song

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge. However, LLMs still encounter challenges in effectively utilizing the knowledge from retrieved documents,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Mingyan Wu , Zhenghao Liu , Yukun Yan , Xinze Li , Shi Yu , Zheni Zeng , Yu Gu , Ge Yu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating their parametric knowledge with external retrieved content. However, knowledge conflicts caused by internal inconsistencies or noisy retrieved content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Juan Chen , Baolong Bi , Wei Zhang , Jingyan Sui , Xiaofei Zhu , Yuanzhuo Wang , Lingrui Mei , Shenghua Liu

Recent investigations into effective context lengths of modern flagship large language models (LLMs) have revealed major limitations in effective question answering (QA) and reasoning over long and complex contexts for even the largest and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Anwesan Pal , Karen Hovsepian , Tinghao Guo , Mengnan Zhao , Somendra Tripathi , Nikos Kanakaris , George Mihaila , Sumit Nigam

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) methods augment the input of Large Language Models (LLMs) with relevant retrieved passages, reducing factual errors in knowledge-intensive tasks. However, contemporary RAG approaches suffer from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Dian Jiao , Li Cai , Jingsheng Huang , Wenqiao Zhang , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are a widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the industry. While many tools exist empowering developers to build their own systems, measuring their performance locally, with…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Rafael Teixeira de Lima , Shubham Gupta , Cesar Berrospi , Lokesh Mishra , Michele Dolfi , Peter Staar , Panagiotis Vagenas

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming essential tools for various natural language processing tasks but often suffer from generating outdated or incorrect information. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this issue by…

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge retrieved at inference time. While RAG demonstrates strong performance on benchmarks largely derived from general-domain corpora…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Ran Xu , Yuchen Zhuang , Yue Yu , Haoyu Wang , Wenqi Shi , Carl Yang

The scaling of inference computation has unlocked the potential of long-context large language models (LLMs) across diverse settings. For knowledge-intensive tasks, the increased compute is often allocated to incorporate more external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Zhenrui Yue , Honglei Zhuang , Aijun Bai , Kai Hui , Rolf Jagerman , Hansi Zeng , Zhen Qin , Dong Wang , Xuanhui Wang , Michael Bendersky

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly adopted on edge devices, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is gaining prominence as a solution to address factual deficiencies and hallucinations by integrating external knowledge.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Chenhao Xu , Longxiang Gao , Yuan Miao , Xi Zheng

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite their remarkable capabilities, are prone to generating hallucinated or outdated content due to their static internal knowledge. While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) integrated with Reinforcement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhiwen Tan , Jiaming Huang , Qintong Wu , Hongxuan Zhang , Chenyi Zhuang , Jinjie Gu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) aims to augment the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by retrieving and incorporate external documents or chunks prior to generation. However, even improved retriever relevance can brings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Sha Li , Naren Ramakrishnan

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a key approach to mitigating the temporal staleness of large language models (LLMs) by grounding responses in up-to-date evidence. Within the RAG pipeline, re-rankers play a pivotal role in selecting…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Sohyun An , Hayeon Lee , Shuibenyang Yuan , Chun-cheng Jason Chen , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Vijai Mohan , Alexander Min

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge, but existing approaches indiscriminately trigger retrieval and rely on single-path evidence construction, often introducing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Wang Chen , Guanqiang Qi , Weikang Li , Yang Li , Deguo Xia , Jizhou Huang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in a wide range of tasks, yet their application to specialized domains remains challenging due to the need for deep expertise. Retrieval-Augmented generation (RAG) has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qinggang Zhang , Shengyuan Chen , Yuanchen Bei , Zheng Yuan , Huachi Zhou , Zijin Hong , Hao Chen , Yilin Xiao , Chuang Zhou , Junnan Dong , Yi Chang , Xiao Huang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) augments Large Language Models (LLMs) with external knowledge to improve factuality. However, existing RAG systems frequently underutilize the retrieved documents, failing to extract and integrate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Hao Chen , Yukun Yan , Sen Mei , Wanxiang Che , Zhenghao Liu , Qi Shi , Xinze Li , Yuchun Fan , Pengcheng Huang , Qiushi Xiong , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a framework for incorporating external knowledge, usually in the form of a set of documents retrieved from a collection, as a part of a prompt to a large language model (LLM) to potentially improve…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Fangzheng Tian , Debasis Ganguly , Craig Macdonald