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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated unprecedented language understanding and reasoning capabilities to capture diverse user preferences and advance personalized recommendations. Despite the growing interest in LLM-based…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Zihuai Zhao , Wenqi Fan , Yao Wu , Qing Li

Since computer science is still mainly male dominated, academia, industry and education jointly seek ways to motivate and inspire girls, for example by introducing them to programming at an early age. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has forced…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Isabella Graßl , Gordon Fraser

Code Smell, similar to a bad smell, is a surface indication of something tainted but in terms of software writing practices. This metric is an indication of a deeper problem lies within the code and is associated with an issue which is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Himanshu Gupta , Tanmay G. Kulkarni , Lov Kumar , Lalita Bhanu Murthy Neti , Aneesh Krishna

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used in educational and learning applications. Research has demonstrated that controlling for style, to fit the needs of the learner, fosters increased understanding, promotes inclusion,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Ankit Aich , Tingting Liu , Salvatore Giorgi , Kelsey Isman , Lyle Ungar , Brenda Curtis

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has opened new avenues in education. This study examines the use of LLMs in supporting learning in machine learning education; in particular, it focuses on the ability of LLMs to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Smitha Kumar , Michael A. Lones , Manuel Maarek , Hind Zantout

With the rapid development of large language models (LLMs), they have significantly improved efficiency across a wide range of domains. However, recent studies have revealed that LLMs often exhibit gender bias, leading to serious social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Xiaoqing Cheng , Hongying Zan , Lulu Kong , Jinwang Song , Min Peng

A smell in software source code denotes an indication of suboptimal design and implementation decisions, potentially hindering the code understanding and, in turn, raising the likelihood of being prone to changes and faults. Identifying…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Anh Ho , Anh M. T. Bui , Phuong T. Nguyen , Amleto Di Salle , Bach Le

Agents backed by large language models (LLMs) increasingly rely on external tools drawn from marketplaces where multiple providers offer functionally equivalent options. This raises a critical fairness concern: systematic bias in tool…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Thierry Blankenstein , Jialin Yu , Zixuan Li , Vassilis Plachouras , Sunando Sengupta , Philip Torr , Yarin Gal , Alasdair Paren , Adel Bibi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained primarily on minimally processed web text, which exhibits the same wide range of social biases held by the humans who created that content. Consequently, text generated by LLMs can inadvertently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Harnoor Dhingra , Preetiha Jayashanker , Sayali Moghe , Emma Strubell

Large-scale web-scraped text corpora used to train general-purpose AI models often contain harmful demographic-targeted social biases, creating a regulatory need for data auditing and developing scalable bias-detection methods. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Ayan Majumdar , Feihao Chen , Jinghui Li , Xiaozhen Wang

Generated texts from large language models (LLMs) have been shown to exhibit a variety of harmful, human-like biases against various demographics. These findings motivate research efforts aiming to understand and measure such effects. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Yuen Chen , Vethavikashini Chithrra Raghuram , Justus Mattern , Rada Mihalcea , Zhijing Jin

Sensitive attributes are legally protected characteristics that should not be used to discriminate. Careful steps have been taken to minimize the risk of human bias regarding these fields, such as race and age. Large language models (LLMs)…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Anay Agarwalla , Simeon Sayer

Large language models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention for their remarkable performance in a continuously expanding set of natural language processing tasks. However, these models have been shown to harbor inherent societal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Abel Salinas , Louis Penafiel , Robert McCormack , Fred Morstatter

Stories play a pivotal role in human communication, shaping beliefs and morals, particularly in children. As parents increasingly rely on large language models (LLMs) to craft bedtime stories, the presence of cultural and gender stereotypes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Donya Rooein , Vilém Zouhar , Debora Nozza , Dirk Hovy

This paper investigates gender bias in Large Language Model (LLM)-generated teacher evaluations in higher education setting, focusing on evaluations produced by GPT-4 across six academic subjects. By applying a comprehensive analytical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Yuanning Huang

Bias and stereotypes in language models can cause harm, especially in sensitive areas like content moderation and decision-making. This paper addresses bias and stereotype detection by exploring how jointly learning these tasks enhances…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Aditya Tomar , Rudra Murthy , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) has proven to be a tool that could help in the automatic detection of sexism. Previous studies have shown that these models contain biases that do not accurately reflect reality, especially for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Judith Tavarez-Rodríguez , Fernando Sánchez-Vega , A. Pastor López-Monroy

Large language models (LLMs) reflect societal norms and biases, especially about gender. While societal biases and stereotypes have been extensively researched in various NLP applications, there is a surprising gap for emotion analysis.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco , Amanda Cercas Curry , Alba Curry , Gavin Abercrombie , Dirk Hovy

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit gender bias, resulting in unequal treatment of male and female subjects across different contexts. To address this issue, we propose a novel data generation framework that fosters exploratory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Kangda Wei , Hasnat Md Abdullah , Ruihong Huang

Effective personalized feedback is critical to students' literacy development. Though LLM-powered tools now promise to automate such feedback at scale, LLMs are not language-neutral: they privilege standard academic English and reproduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Mei Tan , Lena Phalen , Dorottya Demszky
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