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Related papers: ADVICE: Answer-Dependent Verbalized Confidence Est…

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Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved excellent performances in various tasks. However, fine-tuning an LLM requires extensive supervision. Human, on the other hand, may improve their reasoning abilities by self-thinking without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Jiaxin Huang , Shixiang Shane Gu , Le Hou , Yuexin Wu , Xuezhi Wang , Hongkun Yu , Jiawei Han

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used by students, yet their tendency to provide fast and complete answers may discourage reflection and foster overconfidence. We examined how alternative LLM interaction designs support deeper…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Elena Eleftheriou , George Pallis , Marios Constantinides

Trustfulness -- one's general tendency to have confidence in unknown people or situations -- predicts many important real-world outcomes such as mental health and likelihood to cooperate with others such as clinicians. While data-driven…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Mohammadzaman Zamani , Anneke Buffone , H. Andrew Schwartz

While improving neural dialogue agents' factual accuracy is the object of much research, another important aspect of communication, less studied in the setting of neural dialogue, is transparency about ignorance. In this work, we analyze to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Sabrina J. Mielke , Arthur Szlam , Emily Dinan , Y-Lan Boureau

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) perform well in general fields, they exhibit a confidence distortion problem on multi-choice question-answering (MCQA), particularly as the number of answer choices increases. Specifically, on MCQA with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zicheng Xu , Guanchu Wang , Guangyao Zheng , Yu-Neng Chuang , Alexander Szalay , Xia Hu , Vladimir Braverman

The increasing popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs) in recent years has changed the way users interact with and pose questions to AI-based conversational systems. An essential aspect for increasing the trustworthiness of generated LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Juraj Vladika , Luca Mülln , Florian Matthes

Human preference alignment can greatly enhance Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), but collecting high-quality preference data is costly. A promising solution is the self-evolution strategy, where models are iteratively trained on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Wentao Tan , Qiong Cao , Yibing Zhan , Chao Xue , Changxing Ding

In many high-risk machine learning applications it is essential for a model to indicate when it is uncertain about a prediction. While large language models (LLMs) can reach and even surpass human-level accuracy on a variety of benchmarks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Evan Becker , Stefano Soatto

Instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at many tasks and will even explain their reasoning, so-called self-explanations. However, convincing and wrong self-explanations can lead to unsupported confidence in LLMs, thus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Andreas Madsen , Sarath Chandar , Siva Reddy

Verbalized confidence, in which LLMs report a numerical certainty score, is widely used to estimate uncertainty in black-box settings, yet the confidence scale itself (typically 0--100) is rarely examined. We show that this design choice is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Yuyang Dai

Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance and have revolutionized NLP, but their lack of explainability keeps them treated as black boxes, limiting their use in domains that demand transparency and trust. A promising direction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Bar Alon , Itamar Zimerman , Lior Wolf

This paper investigates the reliability of explanations generated by large language models (LLMs) when prompted to explain their previous output. We evaluate two kinds of such self-explanations - extractive and counterfactual - using three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Korbinian Randl , John Pavlopoulos , Aron Henriksson , Tony Lindgren

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown great advances in a variety of tasks, including natural language understanding and generation. However, their use in high-stakes decision-making scenarios is still limited due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Jiefeng Chen , Jinsung Yoon , Sayna Ebrahimi , Sercan O Arik , Tomas Pfister , Somesh Jha

Pre-trained large language models (LLMs) can be tailored to adhere to human instructions through instruction tuning. However, due to shifts in the distribution of test-time data, they may not always execute instructions accurately,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Hai Ye , Hwee Tou Ng

Large language models (LLMs) enable conversational agents (CAs) to express distinctive personalities, raising new questions about how such designs shape user perceptions. This study investigates how personality expression levels and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Hasibur Rahman , Smit Desai

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as conversational partners for learning, yet the interactional dynamics supporting users' learning and engagement are understudied. We analyze the linguistic and interactional features from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Shaz Furniturewala , Gerard Christopher Yeo , Kokil Jaidka

Calibration strengthens the trustworthiness of black-box models by producing better accurate confidence estimates on given examples. However, little is known about if model explanations can help confidence calibration. Intuitively, humans…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Dongfang Li , Baotian Hu , Qingcai Chen

Linguistic cues such as "I believe" and "probably" offer an intuitive interface for communicating confidence, yet a generalisable, principled calibration framework for linguistic confidence expressions remains underexplored. In particular,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yi-Fan Yeh , Linwei Tao , Minjing Dong , Tao Huang , Jialin Yu , Philip Torr , Chang Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit significant behavioral shifts when they perceive a change from a real-world deployment context to a controlled evaluation setting, a phenomenon known as "evaluation awareness." This discrepancy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Lang Xiong , Nishant Bhargava , Jianhang Hong , Jeremy Chang , Haihao Liu , Vasu Sharma , Kevin Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to achieve impressive results for many reasoning-based NLP tasks, suggesting a degree of deductive reasoning capability. However, it remains unclear to which extent LLMs, in both informal and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Fabian Hoppe , Filip Ilievski , Jan-Christoph Kalo