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Score-based diffusion models are a recently developed framework for posterior sampling in Bayesian inverse problems with a state-of-the-art performance for severely ill-posed problems by leveraging a powerful prior distribution learned from…

Discrete flow models (DFMs) have been proposed to learn the data distribution on finite state space, offering a flexible framework as an alternative to discrete diffusion models. A line of recent work has studied samplers for discrete…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-28 Zhengyan Wan , Yidong Ouyang , Liyan Xie , Hongyuan Zha , Fang Fang , Guang Cheng

Foundation models enable prompt-based classifiers for zero-shot and few-shot learning. Nonetheless, the conventional method of employing fixed prompts suffers from distributional shifts that negatively impact generalizability to unseen…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yingjun Du , Gaowen Liu , Yuzhang Shang , Yuguang Yao , Ramana Kompella , Cees G. M. Snoek

Training a diffusion model approximates a map from a data distribution $\rho$ to the optimal score function $s_t$ for that distribution. Can we differentiate this map? If we could, then we could predict how the score, and ultimately the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Christopher Scarvelis , Justin Solomon

Adversarial Imitation Learning is traditionally framed as a two-player zero-sum game between a learner and an adversarially chosen cost function, and can therefore be thought of as the sequential generalization of a Generative Adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Runzhe Wu , Yiding Chen , Gokul Swamy , Kianté Brantley , Wen Sun

Score-based diffusion models have demonstrated outstanding empirical performance in machine learning and artificial intelligence, particularly in generating high-quality new samples from complex probability distributions. Improving the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-30 Yuchen Jiao , Gen Li

As one of the most popular and sought-after generative models in the recent years, diffusion models have sparked the interests of many researchers and steadily shown excellent advantage in various generative tasks such as image synthesis,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Zhiyuan Ma , Yuzhu Zhang , Guoli Jia , Liangliang Zhao , Yichao Ma , Mingjie Ma , Gaofeng Liu , Kaiyan Zhang , Jianjun Li , Bowen Zhou

This paper investigates score-based diffusion models when the underlying target distribution is concentrated on or near low-dimensional manifolds within the higher-dimensional space in which they formally reside, a common characteristic of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Gen Li , Yuling Yan

This paper provides an elementary, self-contained analysis of diffusion-based sampling methods for generative modeling. In contrast to existing approaches that rely on continuous-time processes and then discretize, our treatment works…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-25 Galen Reeves , Henry D. Pfister

Discrete diffusion models are a new class of text generators that offer advantages such as bidirectional context use, parallelizable generation, and flexible prompting compared to autoregressive models. However, a critical limitation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Andrew Zhang , Anushka Sivakumar , Chiawei Tang , Chris Thomas

Discrete diffusion models have recently gained significant prominence in applications involving natural language and graph data. A key factor influencing their effectiveness is the efficiency of discretized samplers. Among these,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Yuchen Liang , Yingbin Liang , Lifeng Lai , Ness Shroff

Diffusion models have become the go-to method for many generative tasks, particularly for image-to-image generation tasks such as super-resolution and inpainting. Current diffusion-based methods do not provide statistical guarantees…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Eliahu Horwitz , Yedid Hoshen

Diffusion models have become a powerful family of deep generative models, with record-breaking performance in many applications. This paper first gives an overview and derivation of the basic theory of diffusion models, then reviews the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Yuansong Zhu , Yu Zhao

In this paper, we explore provable acceleration of diffusion models without any additional retraining. Focusing on the task of approximating a target data distribution in $\mathbb{R}^d$ to within $\varepsilon$ total-variation distance, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Gen Li , Yuchen Zhou , Yuting Wei , Yuxin Chen

This is an expository article on the score-based diffusion models, with a particular focus on the formulation via stochastic differential equations (SDE). After a gentle introduction, we discuss the two pillars in the diffusion modeling --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Wenpin Tang , Hanyang Zhao

Discrete flow models offer a powerful framework for learning distributions over discrete state spaces and have demonstrated superior performance compared to the discrete diffusion models. However, their convergence properties and error…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Zhengyan Wan , Yidong Ouyang , Qiang Yao , Liyan Xie , Fang Fang , Hongyuan Zha , Guang Cheng

Diffusion models have shown remarkable capabilities in generating high-fidelity data across modalities such as images, audio, and video. However, their computational intensity makes deployment on edge devices a significant challenge. This…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Dongqi Zheng

Our work focuses on addressing sample deficiency from low-density regions of data manifold in common image datasets. We leverage diffusion process based generative models to synthesize novel images from low-density regions. We observe that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Vikash Sehwag , Caner Hazirbas , Albert Gordo , Firat Ozgenel , Cristian Canton Ferrer

Mathematical models describing the spatial spreading and invasion of populations of biological cells are often developed in a continuum modelling framework using reaction-diffusion equations. While continuum models based on linear diffusion…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2024-01-23 Matthew J Simpson , Keeley M Murphy , Scott W McCue , Pascal R Buenzli

While efficient distribution learning is no doubt behind the groundbreaking success of diffusion modeling, its theoretical guarantees are quite limited. In this paper, we provide the first rigorous analysis on approximation and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-06 Kazusato Oko , Shunta Akiyama , Taiji Suzuki
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