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Large language models (LLMs) frequently produce false refusals, declining benign requests that contain terms resembling unsafe queries. We address this challenge by introducing two comprehensive benchmarks: the Exaggerated Safety Benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Shuzhou Yuan , Ercong Nie , Yinuo Sun , Chenxuan Zhao , William LaCroix , Michael Färber

Powered by remarkable advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities in manifold tasks. However, the practical application scenarios of MLLMs are intricate,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Tianle Gu , Zeyang Zhou , Kexin Huang , Dandan Liang , Yixu Wang , Haiquan Zhao , Yuanqi Yao , Xingge Qiao , Keqing Wang , Yujiu Yang , Yan Teng , Yu Qiao , Yingchun Wang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) pose critical safety challenges, as they are susceptible not only to adversarial attacks such as jailbreaking but also to inadvertently generating harmful content for benign users. While internal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Ming Wen , Kun Yang , Xin Chen , Jingyu Zhang , Dingding Han , Shiwen Cui , Yuedong Xu

Recent Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have made remarkable progress in multimodal understanding tasks, yet their evaluation on long video understanding remains unreliable. Due to limited frame inputs, key frames necessary for answering the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Xueqing Yu , Bohan Li , Yan Li , Zhenheng Yang

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have accelerated their application to indoor safety hazards assessment. However, existing benchmarks suffer from three fundamental limitations: (1) heavy reliance on synthetic datasets…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Qiucheng Yu , Ruijie Xu , Mingang Chen , Xuequan Lu , Jianfeng Dong , Chaochao Lu , Xin Tan

Vision-and-Language Models (VLMs) have shown impressive capabilities on single-turn benchmarks, yet real-world applications often demand more intricate multi-turn dialogues. Existing multi-turn datasets (e.g, MMDU, ConvBench) only partially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Young-Jun Lee , Byung-Kwan Lee , Jianshu Zhang , Yechan Hwang , Byungsoo Ko , Han-Gyu Kim , Dongyu Yao , Xuankun Rong , Eojin Joo , Seung-Ho Han , Bowon Ko , Ho-Jin Choi

Laboratories are prone to severe injuries from minor unsafe actions, yet continuous safety monitoring -- beyond mandatory pre-lab safety training -- is limited by human availability. Vision language models (VLMs) offer promise for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Trishna Chakraborty , Udita Ghosh , Aldair Ernesto Gongora , Ruben Glatt , Yue Dong , Jiachen Li , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury , Chengyu Song

Safety alignment in large language models (LLMs) is primarily evaluated under open-ended generation, where models can mitigate risk by refusing to respond. In contrast, many real-world applications place LLMs in structured decision-making…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yuheng Chen , Zhiyu Wu , Bowen Cheng , Tetsuro Takahashi

Misalignment in Large Language Models (LLMs) arises when model behavior diverges from human expectations and fails to simultaneously satisfy safety, value, and cultural dimensions, which must co-occur in real-world settings to solve a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Usman Naseem , Gautam Siddharth Kashyap , Rafiq Ali , Ebad Shabbir , Sushant Kumar Ray , Abdullah Mohammad , Agrima Seth

Recent developments in multimodal methodologies have marked the beginning of an exciting era for models adept at processing diverse data types, encompassing text, audio, and visual content. Models like GPT-4V, which merge computer vision…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Xiang Zhang , Senyu Li , Ning Shi , Bradley Hauer , Zijun Wu , Grzegorz Kondrak , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed , Laks V. S. Lakshmanan

The remarkable advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have not rendered them immune to challenges, particularly in the context of handling deceptive information in prompts, thus producing hallucinated responses under such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Yusu Qian , Haotian Zhang , Yinfei Yang , Zhe Gan

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) suffer from hallucination a lot, generating responses that apparently contradict to the image content occasionally. The key problem lies in its weak ability to comprehend detailed content in a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Zhiyang Chen , Yousong Zhu , Yufei Zhan , Zhaowen Li , Chaoyang Zhao , Jinqiao Wang , Ming Tang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) trained on web-scale corpora excel at natural image tasks and are increasingly repurposed for healthcare; however, their competence in medical tasks remains underexplored. We present a comprehensive evaluation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Che Liu , Jiazhen Pan , Weixiang Shen , Wenjia Bai , Daniel Rueckert , Rossella Arcucci

Recent advancements in multimodal techniques open exciting possibilities for models excelling in diverse tasks involving text, audio, and image processing. Models like GPT-4V, blending computer vision and language modeling, excel in complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Xiang Zhang , Senyu Li , Zijun Wu , Ning Shi

Although vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved significant success in various applications such as visual question answering, their resilience to prompt variations remains an under-explored area. Understanding how distractions affect…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Ming Liu , Hao Chen , Jindong Wang , Wensheng Zhang

Recent advancements in Vision Language Models (VLMs) have expanded their capabilities to interactive agent tasks, yet existing benchmarks remain limited to single-agent or text-only environments. In contrast, real-world scenarios often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zelai Xu , Zhexuan Xu , Xiangmin Yi , Huining Yuan , Mo Guang , Kaiwen Long , Xinlei Chen , Yi Wu , Chao Yu , Yu Wang

Recent advances in microscopy have enabled the rapid generation of terabytes of image data in cell biology and biomedical research. Vision-language models (VLMs) offer a promising solution for large-scale biological image analysis,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Alejandro Lozano , Jeffrey Nirschl , James Burgess , Sanket Rajan Gupte , Yuhui Zhang , Alyssa Unell , Serena Yeung-Levy

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are increasingly deployed as assistants that interact through text and images, making it crucial to evaluate contextual safety when risk depends on both the visual scene and the evolving dialogue.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zheyuan Liu , Dongwhi Kim , Yixin Wan , Xiangchi Yuan , Zhaoxuan Tan , Fengran Mo , Meng Jiang

Vision-language modeling (VLM) aims to bridge the information gap between images and natural language. Under the new paradigm of first pre-training on massive image-text pairs and then fine-tuning on task-specific data, VLM in the remote…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Xingxing Weng , Chao Pang , Gui-Song Xia

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved impressive progress across various applications but remain vulnerable to malicious queries that exploit the visual modality. Existing alignment approaches typically fail to resist malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yitong Zhang , Jia Li , Liyi Cai , Ge Li