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A brain-computer interface (BCI) enables a user to communicate with a computer directly using brain signals. The most common non-invasive BCI modality, electroencephalogram (EEG), is sensitive to noise/artifact and suffers…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Dongrui Wu , Yifan Xu , Bao-Liang Lu

Analyzing neural data such as Electroencephalography (EEG) data often involves dealing with high-dimensional datasets, where not all channels provide equally meaningful informa- tion. Selecting the most relevant channels is crucial for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-16 Neda Abdollahpour , N. Sertac Artan , Ian Daly , Mohammadreza Yazdchi , Zahra Baharlouei

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) offer a pathway to restore communication for individuals with severe motor or speech impairments. Imagined handwriting provides an intuitive paradigm for character-level neural decoding, bridging the gap…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-24 Ovishake Sen , Raghav Soni , Darpan Virmani , Akshar Parekh , Patrick Lehman , Sarthak Jena , Adithi Katikhaneni , Adam Khalifa , Baibhab Chatterjee

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) offer transformative potential, but decoding neural signals presents significant challenges. The core premise of this paper is built around demonstrating methods to elucidate the underlying low-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Benjamin J. Choi

Due to large intra-subject and inter-subject variabilities of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, EEG-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) usually need subject-specific calibration to tailor the decoding algorithm for each new subject,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Dongrui Wu

Different functional areas of the human brain play different roles in brain activity, which has not been paid sufficient research attention in the brain-computer interface (BCI) field. This paper presents a new approach for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-04-29 Chuanqi Tan , Fuchun Sun , Tao Kong , Bin Fang , Wenchang Zhang

Electroencephalography (EEG) signals reflect activities on certain brain areas. Effective classification of time-varying EEG signals is still challenging. First, EEG signal processing and feature engineering are time-consuming and highly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Xiang Zhang , Lina Yao , Xianzhi Wang , Wenjie Zhang , Shuai Zhang , Yunhao Liu

The ageing process may lead to cognitive and physical impairments, which may affect elderly everyday life. In recent years, the use of Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs) based on Electroencephalography (EEG) has revealed to be particularly…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-28 Aurora Saibene , Francesca Gasparini , Jordi Solé-Casals

Classifying EEG data is integral to the performance of Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) and their applications. However, external noise often obstructs EEG data due to its biological nature and complex data collection process. Especially…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-14 Eric Modesitt , Ruiqi Yang , Qi Liu

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) often suffer from limited robustness and poor long-term adaptability. Model performance rapidly degrades when user attention fluctuates, brain states shift over time, or irregular artifacts appear during…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-12 Yeon-Woo Choi , Hye-Bin Shin , Dan Li

Electroencephalography (EEG) foundation models have recently emerged as a promising paradigm for brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), aiming to learn transferable neural representations from large-scale heterogeneous recordings. Despite rapid…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Dingkun Liu , Yuheng Chen , Zhu Chen , Zhenyao Cui , Yaozhi Wen , Jiayu An , Jingwei Luo , Dongrui Wu

Motor imagery (MI) classification using electroencephalography (EEG) signals is essential for advancing brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Traditional EEG channel selection methods often face limitations, such as dependency on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Dekka Muni Kumar , Dhruba Jyoti Kalita , Yogesh Kumar Meena

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a cornerstone of brain-computer interfaces and clinical neuroscience, yet deep learning models are typically trained and evaluated under a single, unreported preprocessing pipeline. We formalize preprocessing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Dengzhe Hou , Zihao Wu , Lingyu Jiang , Zirui Li , Fangzhou Lin , Kazunori D. Yamada

With the rapid advancement of deep learning, attention mechanisms have become indispensable in electroencephalography (EEG) signal analysis, significantly enhancing Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) applications. This paper presents a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Jiyuan Wang , Weishan Ye , Jialin He , Li Zhang , Gan Huang , Zhuliang Yu , Zhen Liang

The brain computer interface (BCI) is a nonstimulatory direct and occasionally bidirectional communication link between the brain and a computer or an external device. Classically, EEG-based BCI algorithms have relied on models such as…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-19 Andrea Duggento , Mario De Lorenzo , Stefano Bargione , Allegra Conti , Vincenzo Catrambone , Gaetano Valenza , Nicola Toschi

Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology enables direct interaction between humans and computers by analyzing brain signals. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is one of the non-invasive tools used in BCI systems, providing high temporal…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-18 Hyeon-Taek Han , Dae-Hyeok Lee , Heon-Gyu Kwak

Electroencephalography (EEG) classification is a versatile and portable technique for building non-invasive Brain-computer Interfaces (BCI). However, the classifiers that decode cognitive states from EEG brain data perform poorly when…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-25 Anupam Sharma , Krishna Miyapuram

There are several protocols in the Electroencephalography (EEG) recording scenarios which produce various types of event-related potentials (ERP). P300 pattern is a well-known ERP which produced by auditory and visual oddball paradigm and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-25 S. A. Karimi , A. M. Mijani , M. T. Talebian , S. Mirzakuchaki

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a widely used non-invasive technique for monitoring brain activity, but low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) due to various artifacts often compromise its utility. Conventional artifact removal methods require…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-06 Shantanu Sarkar , Piotr Nabrzyski , Saurabh Prasad , Jose Luis Contreras-Vidal

This paper aims to develop brain-computer interface system based on electroencephalography that can aid disabled people in daily life. The system relies on one of the most effective event-related potential wave, P300, which can be elicited…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Apdullah Yayik , Yakup Kutlu