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Related papers: A Parametric Power Model of Upper Mid-Band (FR3) B…

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As 6G networks evolve, the upper mid-band spectrum (7 GHz to 24 GHz), or frequency range 3 (FR3), is emerging as a promising balance between the coverage offered by sub-6 GHz bands and the high-capacity of millimeter wave (mmWave)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-04 Marouan Mizmizi , Ahmed Alkhateeb , Umberto Spagnolini

This paper presents a new system model to evaluate the capacity and power consumption of multi-layer 6G networks utilising the upper mid-band (FR3). The model captures heterogeneous 4G, 5G, and 6G deployments, analyzing their performance…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-15 David López-Pérez , Nicola Piovesan , Giovanni Geraci

With the push toward 6G commercialization, Frequency Range 3 (FR3) bands, specifically 7.125-8.4 GHz and 14.8-15.3 GHz, have become focal points for achieving wide-area, high-capacity coverage. However, practical deployment is often limited…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-20 Enrui Liu , Pan Tang , Haiyang Miao , Qi Zhen , Jianhua Zhang

This article presents a data-driven system-level analysis of multi-layer 6G networks operating in the upper mid-band (FR3: 7-24 GHz). Unlike most prior studies based on 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) templates, we leverage…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-21 David López-Pérez , Nicola Piovesan , Matteo Bernabè

Motivated by increasing wireless capacity demands and 6G advancements, the newly defined Frequency Range 3 (FR3, 7.125-24.25 GHz), also known as the upper mid-band, has emerged as a promising spectrum candidate. It offers a balance between…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Fahimeh Aghaei , Mehdi Monemi , Mehdi Rasti , Murat Uysal

FR3 ($\approx$7-24 GHz), also referred to as the upper mid-band, has recently emerged as promising spectrum for 6G; however, its propagation and MIMO characteristics vary significantly with frequency and environment, and spectrum…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Emiel Vanspranghels , Zhuangzhuang Cui , Sofie Pollin

Driven by the pursuit of gigabit-per-second data speeds for future 6G mobile networks, in addition to the support of sensing and artificial intelligence applications, the industry is expanding beyond crowded sub-6 GHz bands with innovative…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-10 Ahmad Bazzi , Roberto Bomfin , Marco Mezzavilla , Sundeep Rangan , Theodore Rappaport , Marwa Chafii

For 5G it will be important to leverage the available millimeter wave spectrum. To achieve an approximately omni- directional coverage with a similar effective antenna aperture compared to state of the art cellular systems, an antenna array…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-07-04 Kilian Roth , Hessam Pirzadeh , A. Lee Swindlehurst , Josef A. Nossek

Driven by the escalating demand for wireless capacity and advancements in 6G research, the new Frequency Range 3 (FR3) referred to upper mid-band (7.125-24.25 GHz) has emerged as a highly compelling spectrum candidate. This range offers a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Fahimeh Aghaei , Mehdi Monemi , Mehdi Rasti , Murat Uysal

The sixth generation (6G) wireless communication nowadays is seeking a new spectrum to inherit the pros and discard the cons of sub-6 GHz, millimeter-wave (mmWave), and sub-terahertz (THz) bands. To this end, an upper mid-band with a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-22 Zhuangzhuang Cui , Peize Zhang , Sofie Pollin

The upper mid-band (FR3) has been recently attracting interest for new generation of mobile networks, as it provides a promising balance between spectrum availability and coverage, which are inherent limitations of the sub 6GHz and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Yaqi Hu , Mingsheng Yin , Marco Mezzavilla , Hao Guo , Sundeep Rangan

For 5G it will be important to leverage the available millimeter wave spectrum. To achieve an approximately omni- directional coverage with a similar effective antenna aperture compared to state of the art cellular systems, an antenna array…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-04-27 Kilian Roth , Josef A. Nossek

At millimeter wave (mmW) frequencies, beamforming and large antenna arrays are an essential requirement to combat the high path loss for mmW communication. Moreover, at these frequencies, very large bandwidths are available to fulfill the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-04-19 Waqas Bin Abbas , Michele Zorzi

Future millimeter-wave (mmWave) systems, 5G cellular or WiFi, must rely on highly directional links to overcome severe pathloss in these frequency bands. Establishing such links requires the mutual discovery of the transmitter and the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-08 C. Nicolas Barati , Sourjya Dutta , Sundeep Rangan , Ashutosh Sabharwal

Due to heavy reliance of millimeter-wave (mmWave) wireless systems on directional links, Beamforming (BF) with high-dimensional arrays is essential for cellular systems in these frequencies. How to perform the array processing in a power…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-01-03 Sourjya Dutta , C. Nicolas Barati , Aditya Dhananjay , Sundeep Rangan

Hybrid digital analog (HDA) beamforming has attracted considerable attention in practical implementation of millimeter wave (mmWave) multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems due to the low power consumption with respect to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Xiaoshen Song , Thomas Kühne , Giuseppe Caire

Future 6G systems are expected to exploit upper midband spectrum in frequency range 3 (FR3) not only for high throughput communications, but also for sensing services such as localization, detection, and situational awareness. The following…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Ahmad Bazzi , Florian Gast , Fan Liu , Shi Jin , Gerhard Fettweis , Marwa Chafii

Future cellular systems based on the use of above-6 GHz frequencies, the so-called millimeter wave (mmWave) bandwidths, will heavily rely on the use of antenna arrays both at the transmitter and at the receiver, possibly with a large number…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-10-25 Stefano Buzzi , Carmen D'Andrea

Due to the heavy reliance of millimeter-wave (mmWave) wireless systems on directional links, beamforming (BF) with high-dimensional arrays is essential for cellular systems in these frequencies. How to perform the array processing in a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-01-28 Sourjya Dutta , C. Nicolas Barati , Aditya Dhananjay , David A. Ramirez , James F. Buckwalter , Sundeep Rangan

Next-generation wireless systems aim to enable on-demand connectivity through dynamic spectrum utilization. Motivated by this vision, this paper investigates the propagation characteristics and MIMO performance of the upper mid-band,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-07 Zhuangzhuang Cui , Rudranil Chattopadhyay , Emiel Vanspranghels , Sofie Pollin
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