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Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have enhanced natural-language reasoning. However, their limited parametric memory and susceptibility to hallucination present persistent challenges for tasks requiring accurate,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yu-Hsuan Lin , Qian-Hui Chen , Yi-Jie Cheng , Jia-Ren Zhang , Yi-Hung Liu , Liang-Yu Hsia , Yun-Nung Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in settings where the available context is incomplete or degraded. We argue that an LLM generating answers under incomplete context can be viewed as an implicit imputer, and evaluated…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-14 Stef van Buuren

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable capabilities in many complex tasks including mathematical reasoning. However, traditional approaches heavily rely on ensuring self-consistency within single prompting method, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Gisang Lee , Sangwoo Park , Junyoung Park , Andrew Chung , Sieun Park , Yoonah Park , Byungju Kim , Min-gyu Cho

We propose a novel LLM-based framework for reasoning in discrete, game-theoretic tasks, illustrated with \emph{Tic-Tac-Toe}. The method integrates in-context learning with entropy-guided chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning and adaptive context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Tommaso Felice Banfi , Sashenka Gamage

The rise of generative large language models (LLMs) has opened new opportunities for automating knowledge representation through concept maps, a long-standing pedagogical tool valued for fostering meaningful learning and higher-order…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Xiaoming Zhai

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly popular in pervasive computing due to their versatility and strong performance. However, despite their ubiquitous use, the exact mechanisms underlying their outstanding performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Alhassan Abdelhalim , Janick Edinger , Sören Laue , Michaela Regneri

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely applied to assist in finding solutions for diverse questions. Prior work has proposed representing a method as a pair of a question and its corresponding solution, enabling method reuse.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Hong Su

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly improved their problem-solving capabilities. However, these models still struggle when faced with complex multi-step reasoning tasks. In this paper, we propose the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 André de Souza Loureiro , Jorge Valverde-Rebaza , Julieta Noguez , David Escarcega , Ricardo Marcacini

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit impressive natural language capabilities but suffer from hallucination -- generating content ungrounded in the realities of training data. Recent work has focused on decoding techniques to improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Souvik Das , Lifeng Jin , Linfeng Song , Haitao Mi , Baolin Peng , Dong Yu

Augmenting Large Language Models (LLMs) with retrieved external knowledge has proven effective for improving the factual accuracy of generated responses. Despite their success, retrieval-augmented LLMs still face the distractibility issue,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zexuan Qiu , Zijing Ou , Bin Wu , Jingjing Li , Aiwei Liu , Irwin King

Large language models (LLMs) often struggle with complex mathematical tasks, prone to "hallucinating" incorrect answers due to their reliance on statistical patterns. This limitation is further amplified in average Small LangSLMs with…

The field of efficient Large Language Model (LLM) inference is rapidly evolving, presenting a unique blend of opportunities and challenges. Although the field has expanded and is vibrant, there hasn't been a concise framework that analyzes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Zhihang Yuan , Yuzhang Shang , Yang Zhou , Zhen Dong , Zhe Zhou , Chenhao Xue , Bingzhe Wu , Zhikai Li , Qingyi Gu , Yong Jae Lee , Yan Yan , Beidi Chen , Guangyu Sun , Kurt Keutzer

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have gained much attention for the emergence of human-comparable capabilities and huge potential. However, for open-domain implicit question-answering problems, LLMs may not be the ultimate solution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Chang Liu , Xiaoguang Li , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu , Edmund Y. Lam , Ngai Wong

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have made reasoning a central benchmark for evaluating intelligence. While prior surveys focus on efficiency by examining how to shorten reasoning chains or reduce computation, this view…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Chao Wu , Baoheng Li , Mingchen Gao , Yu Tian , Zhenyi Wang

Research ideation involves broad exploring and deep refining ideas. Both require deep engagement with literature. Existing tools focus primarily on idea broad generation, yet offer little support for iterative specification, refinement, and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Kevin Pu , K. J. Kevin Feng , Tovi Grossman , Tom Hope , Bhavana Dalvi Mishra , Matt Latzke , Jonathan Bragg , Joseph Chee Chang , Pao Siangliulue

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) represents a notable breakthrough in Natural Language Processing (NLP), contributing to substantial progress in both text comprehension and generation. However, amidst these advancements, it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Saurav Pawar , S. M Towhidul Islam Tonmoy , S M Mehedi Zaman , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha , Amitava Das

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming language sciences. However, their widespread deployment currently suffers from methodological fragmentation and a lack of systematic soundness. This study proposes two comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Kun Sun , Rong Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in reasoning tasks with the development of prompting methods. However, existing prompting approaches cannot reuse insights of solving similar problems and suffer from accumulated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Junchi Yu , Ran He , Rex Ying

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) in medicine has enabled impressive capabilities, yet a critical gap remains in their ability to perform systematic, transparent, and verifiable reasoning, a cornerstone of clinical practice.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Wenxuan Wang , Zizhan Ma , Meidan Ding , Shiyi Zheng , Shengyuan Liu , Jie Liu , Jiaming Ji , Wenting Chen , Xiang Li , Linlin Shen , Yixuan Yuan

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performances across a wide range of tasks. However, the mechanisms by which these models encode tasks of varying complexities remain poorly understood. In this paper, we explore the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Mingyu Jin , Qinkai Yu , Jingyuan Huang , Qingcheng Zeng , Zhenting Wang , Wenyue Hua , Haiyan Zhao , Kai Mei , Yanda Meng , Kaize Ding , Fan Yang , Mengnan Du , Yongfeng Zhang