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When are multi-agent LLM systems merely a collection of individual agents versus an integrated collective with higher-order structure? We introduce an information-theoretic framework to test -- in a purely data-driven way -- whether…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Christoph Riedl

Multi-agent reinforcement learning shines as the pinnacle of multi-agent systems, conquering intricate real-world challenges, fostering collaboration and coordination among agents, and unleashing the potential for intelligent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Jiawei Wang , Jian Zhao , Zhengtao Cao , Ruili Feng , Rongjun Qin , Yang Yu

Humans intuitively solve complex problems by flexibly shifting among reasoning modes: they plan, execute, revise intermediate goals, resolve ambiguity through associative judgment, and apply formal procedures to well-specified subproblems.…

In this empirical paper, we investigate how learning agents can be arranged in more efficient communication topologies for improved learning. This is an important problem because a common technique to improve speed and robustness of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Dhaval Adjodah , Dan Calacci , Abhimanyu Dubey , Peter Krafft , Esteban Moro , Alex `Sandy' Pentland

We envision a continuous collaborative learning system where groups of LLM agents work together to solve reasoning problems, drawing on memory they collectively build to improve performance as they gain experience. This work establishes the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Julie Michelman , Nasrin Baratalipour , Matthew Abueg

Knowledge-graph-based reasoning has drawn a lot of attention due to its interpretability. However, previous methods suffer from the incompleteness of the knowledge graph, namely the interested link or entity that can be missing in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Yunan Zhang , Xiang Cheng , Heting Gao , Chengxiang Zhai

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of language tasks, yet complex multi-step reasoning remains a fundamental challenge. While Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) equipped with extended…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Guangfu Hao , Yuming Dai , Xianzhe Qin , Shan Yu

This paper proposes a double-layered framework (or form of network) to integrate two mechanisms, termed consensus and conservation, achieving distributed solution of a linear equation. The multi-agent framework considered in the paper is…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-11-30 Xuan Wang , Shaoshuai Mou , Brian. D. O. Anderson

We propose deep distributed recurrent Q-networks (DDRQN), which enable teams of agents to learn to solve communication-based coordination tasks. In these tasks, the agents are not given any pre-designed communication protocol. Therefore, in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-02-09 Jakob N. Foerster , Yannis M. Assael , Nando de Freitas , Shimon Whiteson

Multi-agent systems (MAS) powered by large language models suffer from severe token inefficiency arising from two compounding sources: (i) unstructured parallel execution, where all agents activate simultaneously irrespective of input…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Mohit Dubey

Multi-document Multi-entity Question Answering inherently demands models to track implicit logic between multiple entities across scattered documents. However, existing Large Language Models (LLMs) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Teng Lin , Yizhang Zhu , Zhengxuan Zhang , Yuyu Luo , Nan Tang

Deep reinforcement learning has been applied successfully to solve various real-world problems and the number of its applications in the multi-agent settings has been increasing. Multi-agent learning distinctly poses significant challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Ngoc Duy Nguyen , Thanh Thi Nguyen , Doug Creighton , Saeid Nahavandi

The embedding of self-organizing inter-agent processes in distributed software applications enables the decentralized coordination system elements, solely based on concerted, localized interactions. The separation and encapsulation of the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2010-06-09 Jan Sudeikat , Wolfgang Renz

This paper proposes a group deliberation oriented multi-agent conversational model to address the limitations of single large language models in complex reasoning tasks. The model adopts a three-level role division architecture consisting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Zheyu Shi , Dong Qiu , Shanlong Yu

In multi-agent systems, noise reduction techniques are important for improving the overall system reliability as agents are required to rely on limited environmental information to develop cooperative and coordinated behaviors with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Yoshinari Motokawa , Toshiharu Sugawara

While load balancing in distributed-memory computing has been well-studied, we present an innovative approach to this problem: a unified, reduced-order model that combines three key components to describe "work" in a distributed system:…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Jonathan Lifflander , Philippe P. Pebay , Nicole L. Slattengren , Pierre L. Pebay , Robert A. Pfeiffer , Joseph D. Kotulski , Sean T. McGovern

Multi-agent systems (MAS) powered by large language models (LLMs) hold significant promise for solving complex decision-making tasks. However, the core process of collaborative decision-making (CDM) within these systems remains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Xuyang Zhao , Shiwan Zhao , Hualong Yu , Liting Zhang , Qicheng Li

Project duplication detection is critical for project quality assessment, as it improves resource utilization efficiency by preventing investing in newly proposed project that have already been studied. It requires the ability to understand…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Dezheng Bao , Yueci Yang , Xin Chen , Zhengxuan Jiang , Zeguo Fei , Daoze Zhang , Xuanwen Huang , Junru Chen , Chutian Yu , Xiang Yuan , Yang Yang

Distributed algorithms for both discrete-time and continuous-time linearly solvable optimal control (LSOC) problems of networked multi-agent systems (MASs) are investigated in this paper. A distributed framework is proposed to partition the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Neng Wan , Aditya Gahlawat , Naira Hovakimyan , Evangelos A. Theodorou , Petros G. Voulgaris

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results in natural language understanding, yet their reasoning capabilities remain limited when operating as single agents. Multi-Agent Debate (MAD) has been proposed to address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Xiao Wang , Jia Wang , Yijie Wang , Pengtao Dang , Sha Cao , Chi Zhang
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