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All biological and artificial agents must learn and make decisions given limits on their ability to process information. As such, a general theory of adaptive behavior should be able to account for the complex interactions between an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Dilip Arumugam , Mark K. Ho , Noah D. Goodman , Benjamin Van Roy

In the sequential decision making setting, an agent aims to achieve systematic generalization over a large, possibly infinite, set of environments. Such environments are modeled as discrete Markov decision processes with both states and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Mirco Mutti , Riccardo De Santi , Emanuele Rossi , Juan Felipe Calderon , Michael Bronstein , Marcello Restelli

A unified framework for learning under covariate shift is presented, in which a constrained density-ratio network approximates the Radon-Nikodym derivative $r^\star = dP/dQ$ and feeds an anytime PAC-Bayes generalization certificate. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Paulo Akira F. Enabe

When utilising PAC-Bayes theory for risk certification, it is usually necessary to estimate and bound the Gibbs risk of the PAC-Bayes posterior. Many works in the literature employ a method for this which requires a large number of passes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Felix Biggs

Machine unlearning refers to mechanisms that can remove the influence of a subset of training data upon request from a trained model without incurring the cost of re-training from scratch. This paper develops a unified PAC-Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Sharu Theresa Jose , Osvaldo Simeone

This paper presents a safe learning framework that employs an adaptive model learning algorithm together with barrier certificates for systems with possibly nonstationary agent dynamics. To extract the dynamic structure of the model, we use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-07 Motoya Ohnishi , Li Wang , Gennaro Notomista , Magnus Egerstedt

Deep neural networks generalize well despite being heavily overparameterized, in apparent contradiction with classical learning theory based on uniform convergence over fixed hypothesis spaces. Uniform bounds over the entire parameter space…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-15 Hubert Leroux , Jean Marcus , Julien Roger

We give a novel, unified derivation of conditional PAC-Bayesian and mutual information (MI) generalization bounds. We derive conditional MI bounds as an instance, with special choice of prior, of conditional MAC-Bayesian (Mean Approximately…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Peter Grünwald , Thomas Steinke , Lydia Zakynthinou

A central challenge in understanding generalization is to obtain non-vacuous guarantees that go beyond worst-case complexity over data or weight space. Among existing approaches, PAC-Bayes bounds stand out as they can provide tight,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-01 Damien Rouchouse , Antoine Gonon , Rémi Gribonval , Benjamin Guedj

We present a new framework for deriving bounds on the generalization bound of statistical learning algorithms from the perspective of online learning. Specifically, we construct an online learning game called the "generalization game",…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-18 Gábor Lugosi , Gergely Neu

Our work aims at developing reinforcement learning algorithms that do not rely on the Markov assumption. We consider the class of Non-Markov Decision Processes where histories can be abstracted into a finite set of states while preserving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Alessandro Ronca , Gabriel Paludo Licks , Giuseppe De Giacomo

Neural Network based controllers hold enormous potential to learn complex, high-dimensional functions. However, they are prone to overfitting and unwarranted extrapolations. PAC Bayes is a generalized framework which is more resistant to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-12-18 Sanjay Thakur , Herke Van Hoof , Gunshi Gupta , David Meger

The discovery of causal relationships is a foundational problem in artificial intelligence, statistics, epidemiology, economics, and beyond. While elegant theories exist for accurate causal discovery given infinite data, real-world…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-28 Mian Wei , Somesh Jha , David Page

When learning policies for real-world domains, two important questions arise: (i) how to efficiently use pre-collected off-policy, non-optimal behavior data; and (ii) how to mediate among different competing objectives and constraints. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-22 Hoang M. Le , Cameron Voloshin , Yisong Yue

We present a general approach, based on exponential inequalities, to derive bounds on the generalization error of randomized learning algorithms. Using this approach, we provide bounds on the average generalization error as well as bounds…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Fredrik Hellström , Giuseppe Durisi

Deep reinforcement learning has been successfully applied to many control tasks, but the application of such agents in safety-critical scenarios has been limited due to safety concerns. Rigorous testing of these controllers is challenging,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Edoardo Bacci , David Parker

Linear Autoencoders (LAEs) have shown strong performance in state-of-the-art recommender systems. However, this success remains largely empirical, with limited theoretical understanding. In this paper, we investigate the generalizability --…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-16 Ruixin Guo , Ruoming Jin , Xinyu Li , Yang Zhou

In the context of average-reward reinforcement learning, the requirement for oracle knowledge of the mixing time, a measure of the duration a Markov chain under a fixed policy needs to achieve its stationary distribution, poses a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Bhrij Patel , Wesley A. Suttle , Alec Koppel , Vaneet Aggarwal , Brian M. Sadler , Amrit Singh Bedi , Dinesh Manocha

One of the main theoretical challenges in learning dynamical systems from data is providing upper bounds on the generalization error, that is, the difference between the expected prediction error and the empirical prediction error measured…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Daniel Racz , Martin Gonzalez , Mihaly Petreczky , Andras Benczur , Balint Daroczy

Constraint handling plays a key role in solving realistic complex optimization problems. Though intensively discussed in the last few decades, existing constraint handling techniques predominantly rely on human experts' designs, which more…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Qianhao Zhu , Sijie Ma , Zeyuan Ma , Hongshu Guo , Yue-Jiao Gong