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Open-world promptable 3D semantic segmentation remains brittle as semantics are inferred in the input sensor coordinates. Yet, humans, in contrast, interpret parts via functional roles in a canonical space -- wings extend laterally, handles…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Li Jin , Weikai Chen , Yujie Wang , Yingda Yin , Zeyu Hu , Runze Zhang , Keyang Luo , Shengju Qian , Xin Wang , Xueying Qin

Image segmentation is usually addressed by training a model for a fixed set of object classes. Incorporating additional classes or more complex queries later is expensive as it requires re-training the model on a dataset that encompasses…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-31 Timo Lüddecke , Alexander S. Ecker

Advances in CLIP and large multimodal models (LMMs) have enabled open-vocabulary and free-text segmentation, yet existing models still require predefined category prompts, limiting free-form category self-generation. Most segmentation LMMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Kunyang Han , Yibo Hu , Mengxue Qu , Hailin Shi , Yao Zhao , Yunchao Wei

Prompt engineering has shown remarkable success with large language models, yet its systematic exploration in computer vision remains limited. In semantic segmentation, both textual and visual prompts offer distinct advantages: textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Gabriele Rosi , Fabio Cermelli

Segmentation of the infected areas of the lung is essential for quantifying the severity of lung disease like pulmonary infections. Existing medical image segmentation methods are almost uni-modal methods based on image. However, these…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-11 Yi Zhong , Mengqiu Xu , Kongming Liang , Kaixin Chen , Ming Wu

Open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVSS) extends traditional closed-set segmentation by enabling pixel-wise annotation for both seen and unseen categories using arbitrary textual descriptions. While existing methods leverage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Junyang Chen , Xiangbo Lv , Zhiqiang Kou , Xingdong Sheng , Ning Xu , Yiguo Qiao

Audio-Visual Segmentation (AVS) aims to precisely outline audible objects in a visual scene at the pixel level. Existing AVS methods require fine-grained annotations of audio-mask pairs in supervised learning fashion. This limits their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Swapnil Bhosale , Haosen Yang , Diptesh Kanojia , Xiatian Zhu

Despite the recent advances in unified image segmentation (IS), developing a unified video segmentation (VS) model remains a challenge. This is mainly because generic category-specified VS tasks need to detect all objects and track them…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Minghan Li , Shuai Li , Xindong Zhang , Lei Zhang

Medical image analysis is critical yet challenged by the need of jointly segmenting organs or tissues, and numerous instances for anatomical structures and tumor microenvironment analysis. Existing studies typically formulated different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Qing Xu , Yuxiang Luo , Wenting Duan , Zhen Chen

Segmentation is a fundamental task in computer vision, with prompt-driven methods gaining prominence due to their flexibility. The Segment Anything Model (SAM) excels at point-prompted segmentation, while text-based models, often leveraging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Suzhe Xu , Jialin Peng , Chengyuan Zhang

While open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVSS) can segment an image into semantic regions based on arbitrarily given text descriptions even for classes unseen during training, it fails to understand personal texts (e.g., `my mug cup')…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Sunghyun Park , Jungsoo Lee , Shubhankar Borse , Munawar Hayat , Sungha Choi , Kyuwoong Hwang , Fatih Porikli

In-context prompting in large language models (LLMs) has become a prevalent approach to improve zero-shot capabilities, but this idea is less explored in the vision domain. Existing visual prompting methods focus on referring segmentation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Feng Li , Qing Jiang , Hao Zhang , Tianhe Ren , Shilong Liu , Xueyan Zou , Huaizhe Xu , Hongyang Li , Chunyuan Li , Jianwei Yang , Lei Zhang , Jianfeng Gao

The goal of this paper is to extract the visual-language correspondence from a pre-trained text-to-image diffusion model, in the form of segmentation map, i.e., simultaneously generating images and segmentation masks for the corresponding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Ziyi Li , Qinye Zhou , Xiaoyun Zhang , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Weidi Xie

SAM3 advances open-vocabulary semantic segmentation by introducing a prompt-driven mask generation paradigm. However, in multi-class open-vocabulary scenarios, masks generated independently from different category prompts lack a unified and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yanhui Chen , Baoyao Yang , Siqi Liu , Jingchao Wang

The accurate segmentation of medical images is a crucial step in obtaining reliable morphological statistics. However, training a deep neural network for this task requires a large amount of labeled data to ensure high-accuracy results. To…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-04 Xianjun Han , Qianqian Chen , Zhaoyang Xie , Xuejun Li , Hongyu Yang

The Segment Anything model (SAM) has shown a generalized ability to group image pixels into patches, but applying it to semantic-aware segmentation still faces major challenges. This paper presents SAM-CP, a simple approach that establishes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Pengfei Chen , Lingxi Xie , Xinyue Huo , Xuehui Yu , Xiaopeng Zhang , Yingfei Sun , Zhenjun Han , Qi Tian

Segment Anything Model (SAM) has gained significant recognition in the field of semantic segmentation due to its versatile capabilities and impressive performance. Despite its success, SAM faces two primary limitations: (1) it relies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yuchen Li , Li Zhang , Youwei Liang , Pengtao Xie

Widely adopted medical image segmentation methods, although efficient, are primarily deterministic and remain poorly amenable to natural language prompts. Thus, they lack the capability to estimate multiple proposals, human interaction, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Yuan Lin , Murong Xu , Marc Hölle , Chinmay Prabhakar , Andreas Maier , Vasileios Belagiannis , Bjoern Menze , Suprosanna Shit

Text-prompted image segmentation enables fine-grained visual understanding and is critical for applications such as human-computer interaction and robotics. However, existing supervised fine-tuning methods typically ignore explicit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Lianghui Zhu , Bin Ouyang , Yuxuan Zhang , Tianheng Cheng , Rui Hu , Haocheng Shen , Longjin Ran , Xiaoxin Chen , Li Yu , Wenyu Liu , Xinggang Wang

The recent Segment Anything Models (SAMs) have emerged as foundational visual models for general interactive segmentation. Despite demonstrating robust generalization abilities, they still suffer performance degradations in scenarios…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Yuan Yao , Qiushi Yang , Miaomiao Cui , Liefeng Bo