Related papers: f-INE: A Hypothesis Testing Framework for Estimati…

Trustworthy AI is a critical issue in machine learning where, in addition to training a model that is accurate, one must consider both fair and robust training in the presence of data bias and poisoning. However, the existing model fairness…

Ratios of universal enumerable semimeasures corresponding to hypotheses are investigated as a solution for statistical composite hypotheses testing if an unbounded amount of computation time can be assumed. Influence testing for discrete…

Federated learning (FL) is an effective mechanism for data privacy in recommender systems by running machine learning model training on-device. While prior FL optimizations tackled the data and system heterogeneity challenges faced by FL,…

We consider the issue of assessing influence of observations in the class of Birnbaum-Saunders nonlinear regression models, which is useful in lifetime data analysis. Our results generalize those in Galea et al. [2004, Influence diagnostics…

Data-adaptive (machine learning-based) effect estimators are increasingly popular to reduce bias in high-dimensional bioinformatic and clinical studies (e.g. real-world data, target trials, -omic discovery). Their relative statistical…

Small influential data subsets can dramatically impact model conclusions, with a few data points overturning key findings. While recent work identifies these most influential sets, there is no formal way to tell when maximum influence is…

Machine learning components are now central to AI-infused software systems, from recommendations and code assistants to clinical decision support. As regulations and governance frameworks increasingly require deleting sensitive data from…

Pretraining data selection has the potential to improve language model pretraining efficiency by utilizing higher-quality data from massive web data corpora. Current data selection methods, which rely on either hand-crafted rules or larger…

Two studies tested the hypothesis that a Large Language Model (LLM) can be used to model psychological change following exposure to influential input. The first study tested a generic mode of influence - the Illusory Truth Effect (ITE) -…

Machine learning models have achieved widespread success but often inherit and amplify historical biases, resulting in unfair outcomes. Traditional fairness methods typically impose constraints at the prediction level, without addressing…

Machine unlearning enables pre-trained models to eliminate the effects of partial training samples. Previous research has mainly focused on proposing efficient unlearning strategies. However, the verification of machine unlearning, or in…

When machine learning supports decision-making in safety-critical systems, it is important to verify and understand the reasons why a particular output is produced. Although feature importance calculation approaches assist in…

In high-stakes domains like healthcare, users often expect that sharing personal information with machine learning systems will yield tangible benefits, such as more accurate diagnoses and clearer explanations of contributing factors.…

Randomization inference is a powerful tool in early phase vaccine trials when estimating the causal effect of a regimen against a placebo or another regimen. Randomization-based inference often focuses on testing either Fisher's sharp null…

The training of diffusion models is computationally intensive, making effective pre-training essential. However, real-world deployments often demand models of variable sizes due to diverse memory and computational constraints, posing…

Most fair machine learning methods either highly rely on the sensitive information of the training samples or require a large modification on the target models, which hinders their practical application. To address this issue, we propose a…

Machine learning is the study of computer algorithms that can automatically improve based on data and experience. Machine learning algorithms build a model from sample data, called training data, to make predictions or judgments without…

Identifying the training datasets that influence a language model's outputs is essential for minimizing the generation of harmful content and enhancing its performance. Ideally, we can measure the influence of each dataset by removing it…

Machine unlearning poses challenges in removing mislabeled, contaminated, or problematic data from a pretrained model. Current unlearning approaches and evaluation metrics are solely focused on model predictions, which limits insight into…

We introduce a method called TracIn that computes the influence of a training example on a prediction made by the model. The idea is to trace how the loss on the test point changes during the training process whenever the training example…