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Generative large language models (LLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities, which can be further augmented by integrating a pre-trained vision model into the original LLM to create a multimodal LLM (MLLM). However, this integration often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Shikhar Srivastava , Md Yousuf Harun , Robik Shrestha , Christopher Kanan

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly reshaped the trajectory of the AI revolution. Nevertheless, these LLMs exhibit a notable limitation, as they are primarily adept at processing textual information. To address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Akash Ghosh , Arkadeep Acharya , Sriparna Saha , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha

In high-stakes domains, small task-specific vision models are crucial due to their low computational requirements and the availability of numerous methods to explain their results. However, these explanations often reveal that the models do…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Alexander Koebler , Lukas Kuhn , Ingo Thon , Florian Buettner

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have made significant strides in various visual understanding tasks. However, the majority of these models are constrained to process low-resolution images, which limits their effectiveness in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Xiangyu Zhao , Xiangtai Li , Haodong Duan , Haian Huang , Yining Li , Kai Chen , Hua Yang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) often struggle with tasks that require fine-grained image understanding, such as scene-text recognition or document analysis, due to perception limitations and visual fragmentation. To address these challenges,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Miguel Carvalho , Helder Dias , Bruno Martins

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) leverage aligned visual encoders to transform images into visual tokens, allowing them to be processed similarly to text by the backbone large language model (LLM). This unified input paradigm enables VLMs to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Bangzheng Li , Fei Wang , Wenxuan Zhou , Nan Xu , Ben Zhou , Sheng Zhang , Hoifung Poon , Muhao Chen

The alignments of reasoning abilities between smaller and larger Language Models are largely conducted via Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) using demonstrations generated from robust Large Language Models (LLMs). Although these approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Leonardo Ranaldi , Andrè Freitas

Vision-language models (VLMs) have made substantial progress across a wide range of visual question answering benchmarks, spanning visual reasoning, document understanding, and multimodal dialogue. These improvements are evident in a wide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Dhruba Ghosh , Yuhui Zhang , Ludwig Schmidt

This paper makes the first attempt towards unsupervised preference alignment in Vision-Language Models (VLMs). We generate chosen and rejected responses with regard to the original and augmented image pairs, and conduct preference alignment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Ke Zhu , Zheng Ge , Liang Zhao , Xiangyu Zhang

Visual deep learning (VDL) systems have shown significant success in real-world applications like image recognition, object detection, and autonomous driving. To evaluate the reliability of VDL, a mainstream approach is software testing,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Liwen Wang , Yuanyuan Yuan , Ao Sun , Zongjie Li , Pingchuan Ma , Daoyuan Wu , Shuai Wang

Vision-language model (VLM) embeddings have been shown to encode biases present in their training data, such as societal biases that prescribe negative characteristics to members of various racial and gender identities. VLMs are being…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Walter Gerych , Haoran Zhang , Kimia Hamidieh , Eileen Pan , Maanas Sharma , Thomas Hartvigsen , Marzyeh Ghassemi

Post-training with explicit reasoning traces is common to improve the reasoning capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, acquiring high-quality reasoning traces is often costly and time-consuming. Hence, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Qihuang Zhong , Liang Ding , Wenjie Xuan , Juhua Liu , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

The rapid advancement of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) for 2D images and videos has motivated extending these models to understand 3D scenes, aiming for human-like visual-spatial intelligence. Nevertheless, achieving deep spatial…

Vision-and-Language (V+L) pre-training models have achieved tremendous success in recent years on various multi-modal benchmarks. However, the majority of existing models require pre-training on a large set of parallel image-text data,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Mingyang Zhou , Licheng Yu , Amanpreet Singh , Mengjiao Wang , Zhou Yu , Ning Zhang

One of the primary driving forces contributing to the superior performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) is the extensive availability of human-annotated natural language data, which is used for alignment fine-tuning. This inspired…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Fangzhi Xu , Qiushi Sun , Kanzhi Cheng , Jun Liu , Yu Qiao , Zhiyong Wu

Vision language models (VLM) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various downstream tasks. However, understanding fine-grained visual-linguistic concepts, such as attributes and inter-object relationships, remains a significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Wujian Peng , Sicheng Xie , Zuyao You , Shiyi Lan , Zuxuan Wu

Current vision-language models (VLMs) still exhibit inferior performance on knowledge-intensive tasks, primarily due to the challenge of accurately encoding all the associations between visual objects and scenes to their corresponding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Jingyuan Qi , Zhiyang Xu , Rulin Shao , Yang Chen , Jin Di , Yu Cheng , Qifan Wang , Lifu Huang

Following the recent popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs), several attempts have been made to extend them to the visual domain. From having a visual assistant that could guide us through unfamiliar environments to generative models…

Vision-language modeling (VLM) aims to bridge the information gap between images and natural language. Under the new paradigm of first pre-training on massive image-text pairs and then fine-tuning on task-specific data, VLM in the remote…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Xingxing Weng , Chao Pang , Gui-Song Xia

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown impressive capabilities across a range of tasks that integrate visual and textual understanding, such as image captioning and visual question answering. These models are trained on large-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Xiaomei Zhang , Hanyu Zheng , Xiangyu Zhu , Jinghuan Wei , Junhong Zou , Zhen Lei , Zhaoxiang Zhang