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Two of the most common tasks in medical imaging are classification and segmentation. Either task requires labeled data annotated by experts, which is scarce and expensive to collect. Annotating data for segmentation is generally considered…

Medical image segmentation is a key task in the imaging workflow, influencing many image-based decisions. Traditional, fully-supervised segmentation models rely on large amounts of labeled training data, typically obtained through manual…

Most of the state-of-the-art semantic segmentation reported in recent years is based on fully supervised deep learning in the medical domain. How?ever, the high-quality annotated datasets require intense labor and domain knowledge,…

Since annotating medical images for segmentation tasks commonly incurs expensive costs, it is highly desirable to design an annotation-efficient method to alleviate the annotation burden. Recently, contrastive learning has exhibited a great…

The rise of In-Context Learning (ICL) for universal medical image segmentation has introduced an unprecedented demand for large-scale, diverse datasets for training, exacerbating the long-standing problem of data scarcity. While data…

Uncertainty estimation in deep learning has become a leading research field in medical image analysis due to the need for safe utilisation of AI algorithms in clinical practice. Most approaches for uncertainty estimation require sampling…

Large, fine-grained image segmentation datasets, annotated at pixel-level, are difficult to obtain, particularly in medical imaging, where annotations also require expert knowledge. Weakly-supervised learning can train models by relying on…

Segmentation is one of the most important tasks in the medical imaging pipeline as it influences a number of image-based decisions. To be effective, fully supervised segmentation approaches require large amounts of manually annotated…

Selecting an effective training signal for machine learning tasks is difficult: expert annotations are expensive, and crowd-sourced annotations may not be reliable. Recent work has demonstrated that learning from a distribution over labels…

Split Federated Learning (SplitFed) combines federated and split learning to preserve privacy while reducing client-side computation. However, in medical image segmentation, heterogeneous label quality across clients can significantly…

Medical image segmentation supports clinical workflows by precisely delineating anatomical structures and lesions. However, medical image datasets medical image datasets suffer from acquisition noise and annotation ambiguity, causing…

A key task in clinical EEG interpretation is to classify a recording or session as normal or abnormal. In machine learning approaches to this task, recordings are typically divided into shorter windows for practical reasons, and these…

Medical imaging segmentation is a highly active area of research, with deep learning-based methods achieving state-of-the-art results in several benchmarks. However, the lack of standardized tools for training, testing, and evaluating new…

As deep learning methods continue to improve medical image segmentation performance, data annotation is still a big bottleneck due to the labor-intensive and time-consuming burden on medical experts, especially for 3D images. To…

With the development of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), many efforts have been made to handle medical image segmentation. Traditional methods such as nnUNet train specific segmentation models on the individual datasets. Plenty of recent…

Maternal-fetal Ultrasound is the primary modality for monitoring fetal development, yet automated segmentation remains challenging due to the scarcity of high-quality annotations. To address this limitation, we propose a semi-supervised…

Medical image segmentation plays an important role in many image-guided clinical approaches. However, existing segmentation algorithms mostly rely on the availability of fully annotated images with pixel-wise annotations for training, which…

The performance of learning-based algorithms improves with the amount of labelled data used for training. Yet, manually annotating data is particularly difficult for medical image segmentation tasks because of the limited expert…

Deep learning (DL) has become the dominant approach for medical image segmentation, yet ensuring the reliability and clinical applicability of these models requires addressing key challenges such as annotation variability, calibration, and…

In legal decisions, split votes (SV) occur when judges cannot reach a unanimous decision, posing a difficulty for lawyers who must navigate diverse legal arguments and opinions. In high-stakes domains, understanding the alignment of…