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We present UniPhyNet, a novel neural network architecture to classify cognitive load using multimodal physiological data -- specifically EEG, ECG and EDA signals -- without the explicit need for extracting hand-crafted features. UniPhyNet…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Renxiang Qiu , Raghavendra Selvan

In breast ultrasound images, precise lesion segmentation is essential for early diagnosis; however, low contrast, speckle noise, and unclear boundaries make this difficult. Even though deep learning models have demonstrated potential,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Prateek Singh , Moumita Dholey , P. K. Vinod

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) constitute a promising tool for communication and control. However, mastering non-invasive closed-loop systems remains a learned skill that is difficult to develop for a non-negligible proportion of users.…

Traditional methods of controlling prosthetics frequently encounter difficulties regarding flexibility and responsiveness, which can substantially impact people with varying cognitive and physical abilities. Advancements in computational…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-05 Eeshan G. Dandamudi

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive technique widely used in brain-computer interfaces and clinical applications, yet existing EEG foundation models face limitations in modeling spatio-temporal brain dynamics and lack channel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Danny Dongyeop Han , Ahhyun Lucy Lee , Taeyang Lee , Yonghyeon Gwon , Sebin Lee , Seongjin Lee , David Keetae Park , Shinjae Yoo , Jiook Cha , Chun Kee Chung

Single-image super-resolution (SISR) has seen significant advancements through the integration of deep learning. However, the substantial computational and memory requirements of existing methods often limit their practical application.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Xin Xu , Jinman Park , Paul Fieguth

Brain cognitive functions arise through the coordinated activity of several brain regions, which actually form complex dynamical systems operating at multiple frequencies. These systems often consist of interacting subsystems, whose…

Medical Physics · Physics 2019-01-25 Federico Chella , Vittorio Pizzella , Filippo Zappasodi , Guido Nolte , Laura Marzetti

To handle the scarcity and heterogeneity of electroencephalography (EEG) data for Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) tasks, and to harness the power of large publicly available data sets, we propose Neuro-GPT, a foundation model consisting of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Wenhui Cui , Woojae Jeong , Philipp Thölke , Takfarinas Medani , Karim Jerbi , Anand A. Joshi , Richard M. Leahy

Electroencephalography (EEG)-based Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) have emerged as a transformative technology with applications spanning robotics, virtual reality, medicine, and rehabilitation. However, existing BCI frameworks face…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-13 Gursimran Singh , Aviral Chharia , Rahul Upadhyay , Vinay Kumar , Luca Longo

Meta-learning, i.e., "learning to learn", is a promising approach to enable efficient BCI classifier training with limited amounts of data. It can effectively use collections of in some way similar classification tasks, with rapid…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Daniil A. Berdyshev , Artem M. Grachev , Sergei L. Shishkin , Bogdan L. Kozyrskiy

Electroencephalography (EEG) signals reflect activities on certain brain areas. Effective classification of time-varying EEG signals is still challenging. First, EEG signal processing and feature engineering are time-consuming and highly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Xiang Zhang , Lina Yao , Xianzhi Wang , Wenjie Zhang , Shuai Zhang , Yunhao Liu

An electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) enables direct communication between the brain and external devices. However, such systems face at least three major challenges in real-world applications: limited decoding…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xiaoqing Chen , Tianwang Jia , Yunlu Tu , Dongrui Wu

Biomedical audio signals, such as phonocardiograms (PCG), are inherently rhythmic and contain diagnostic information in both their spectral (tonal) and temporal domains. Standard 2D spectrograms provide rich spectral features but compromise…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-30 Md. Saiful Bari Siddiqui , Utsab Saha

An end-to-end platform assembling multiple tiers is built for precisely cognizing brain activities. Being fed massive electroencephalogram (EEG) data, the time-frequency spectrograms are conventionally projected into the episode-wise…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-22 Zheng Chen , Lingwei Zhu , Ziwei Yang , Renyuan Zhang

Human brain achieves dynamic stability-plasticity balance through synaptic homeostasis. Inspired by this biological principle, we propose SPICED: a neuromorphic framework that integrates the synaptic homeostasis mechanism for unsupervised…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yangxuan Zhou , Sha Zhao , Jiquan Wang , Haiteng Jiang , Shijian Li , Tao Li , Gang Pan

Recent state-of-the-art performances of Vision Transformers (ViT) in computer vision tasks demonstrate that a general-purpose architecture, which implements long-range self-attention, could replace the local feature learning operations of…

Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring in Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) networks is constrained by strict data-sharing regulations and privacy concerns. Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative learning by keeping raw ECG data on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Zixuan Shu , Tiancheng Cao , Hen-Wei Huang

Autoregressive Sequence-To-Sequence models are the foundation of many Deep Learning achievements in major research fields such as Vision and Natural Language Processing. Despite that, they still present significant limitations. For…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Jia Cheng Hu , Roberto Cavicchioli , Alessandro Capotondi

Electroencephalography (EEG)-based emotion recognition plays a critical role in affective computing and emerging decision-support systems, yet remains challenging due to high-dimensional, noisy, and subject-dependent signals. This study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 S M Rakib UI Karim , Wenyi Lu , Diponkor Bala , Rownak Ara Rasul , Sean Goggins

While electroencephalography (EEG) has been a popular modality for neural decoding, it often involves task specific acquisition of the EEG data. This poses challenges for the development of a unified pipeline to learn embeddings for various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Pushapdeep Singh , Jyoti Nigam , Medicherla Vamsi Krishna , Arnav Bhavsar , Aditya Nigam