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New AI accelerators with novel instruction set architectures (ISAs) often require developers to manually craft low-level kernels -- a time-consuming, laborious, and error-prone process that cannot scale across diverse hardware targets. This…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Jiayi Nie , Haoran Wu , Yao Lai , Zeyu Cao , Cheng Zhang , Binglei Lou , Erwei Wang , Jianyi Cheng , Timothy M. Jones , Robert Mullins , Rika Antonova , Yiren Zhao

A commonly occurring computation idiom in neural networks is to perform some pointwise operations on the result of a matrix multiplication. Such a sequence of operations is typically represented as a computation graph in deep learning…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Somashekaracharya G. Bhaskaracharya , Julien Demouth , Vinod Grover

Data availability is a bottleneck during early stages of development of new capabilities for intelligent artificial agents. We investigate the use of text generation techniques to augment the training data of a popular commercial artificial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-09 Nikolaos Malandrakis , Minmin Shen , Anuj Goyal , Shuyang Gao , Abhishek Sethi , Angeliki Metallinou

Ideally, accelerator development should be as easy as software development. Several recent design languages/tools are working toward this goal, but actually testing early designs on real applications end-to-end remains prohibitively…

SimTensor is a multi-platform, open-source software for generating artificial tensor data (either with CP/PARAFAC or Tucker structure) for reproducible research on tensor factorization algorithms. SimTensor is a stand-alone application…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2016-12-13 Hadi Fanaee-T , Joao Gama

Deep learning models rely on highly optimized tensor libraries for efficient inference on heterogeneous hardware. Current deep compilers typically predetermine layouts of tensors and then optimize loops of operators. However, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Zhiying Xu , Jiafan Xu , Hongding Peng , Wei Wang , Xiaoliang Wang , Haoran Wan , Haipeng Dai , Yixu Xu , Hao Cheng , Kun Wang , Guihai Chen

There is often variation in the shape and size of input data used for deep learning. In many cases, such data can be represented using tensors with non-uniform shapes, or ragged tensors. Due to limited and non-portable support for efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Pratik Fegade , Tianqi Chen , Phillip B. Gibbons , Todd C. Mowry

This paper shows how to generate efficient tensor algebra code that compute on dynamic sparse tensors, which have sparsity structures that evolve over time. We propose a language for precisely specifying recursive, pointer-based data…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Stephen Chou , Saman Amarasinghe

Tensor algebra accelerators have been gaining popularity for running high-performance computing (HPC) workloads. Identifying optimal schedules for individual tensor operations and designing hardware to run these schedules is an active area…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Raveesh Garg , Michael Pellauer , Sivasankaran Rajamanickam , Tushar Krishna

Today, artificial neural networks are one of the major innovators pushing the progress of machine learning. This has particularly affected the development of neural network accelerating hardware. However, since most of these architectures…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Simon Pfenning , Philipp Holzinger , Marc Reichenbach

Hardware accelerators, especially those designed for tensor processing, have become ubiquitous in today's computing landscape. However, even with significant efforts in building compilers, programming these tensor accelerators remains…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Charles Hong , Sahil Bhatia , Alvin Cheung , Yakun Sophia Shao

CPU-FPGA heterogeneous architectures are attracting ever-increasing attention in an attempt to advance computational capabilities and energy efficiency in today's datacenters. These architectures provide programmers with the ability to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-09-24 Jason Cong , Peng Wei , Cody Hao Yu , Peng Zhang

Tensor computations, with matrix multiplication being the primary operation, serve as the fundamental basis for data analysis, physics, machine learning, and deep learning. As the scale and complexity of data continue to grow rapidly, the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Qizhe Wu , Yuchen Gui , Zhichen Zeng , Xiaotian Wang , Huawen Liang , Xi Jin

Deep learning models with convolutional and recurrent networks are now ubiquitous and analyze massive amounts of audio, image, video, text and graph data, with applications in automatic translation, speech-to-text, scene understanding,…

Tensor accelerators now represent a growing share of compute resources in modern CPUs and GPUs. However, they are hard to program, leading developers to use vendor-provided kernel libraries that support tensor accelerators. As a result, the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yihong Zhang , Derek Gerstmann , Andrew Adams , Maaz Bin Safeer Ahmad

Transformers have become a predominant machine learning workload, they are not only the de-facto standard for natural language processing tasks, but they are also being deployed in other domains such as vision and speech recognition. Many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Ibrahim Ahmed , Sahil Parmar , Matthew Boyd , Michael Beidler , Kris Kang , Bill Liu , Kyle Roach , John Kim , Dennis Abts

This paper makes the case for a single-ISA heterogeneous computing platform, AISC, where each compute engine (be it a core or an accelerator) supports a different subset of the very same ISA. An ISA subset may not be functionally complete,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-03-20 Alexandra Ferreron , Jesus Alastruey-Benede , Dario Suarez-Gracia , Ulya R. Karpuzcu

We present a self-certifying compiler for the COGENT systems language. COGENT is a restricted, polymorphic, higher-order, and purely functional language with linear types and without the need for a trusted runtime or garbage collector. It…

Automated code generation and performance enhancements for sparse tensor algebra have become essential in many real-world applications, such as quantum computing, physical simulations, computational chemistry, and machine learning. General…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Adhitha Dias , Logan Anderson , Kirshanthan Sundararajah , Artem Pelenitsyn , Milind Kulkarni

Many artificial intelligence models process input data of different lengths and resolutions, making the shape of the tensors dynamic. The performance of these models depends on the shape of the tensors, which makes it difficult to optimize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Pengyu Mu , Linquan Wei , Yi Liu , Rui Wang